# entities

entity_id: ent_20260526T212858281804_02578860
type: memory
category: debian/database-redis
strength: moderate
metadata: "{\"source\": \"phase5_gaps\"}"
created_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.281804
updated_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.281804
content:
  ## Redis Deep Dive
  ### Installation
  ```bash
  apt install -y redis-server

  # /etc/redis/redis.conf
  bind 127.0.0.1 10.0.0.1
  port 6379
  protected-mode yes
  daemonize no
  supervised systemd

  # Memory
  maxmemory 2gb
  maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

  # Persistence
  save 900 1
  save 300 10
  save 60 10000
  appendonly yes
  appendfsync everysec

  # Security
  requirepass strong_redis_password
  rename-command FLUSHALL ""
  rename-command FLUSHDB ""
  rename-command DEBUG ""

  systemctl enable --now redis-server
  ```

  ### Redis Sentinel (HA)
  ```conf
  # sentinel.conf on each sentinel node
  sentinel monitor mymaster 10.0.0.1 6379 2
  sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000
  sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 60000
  sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
  sentinel auth-pass mymaster strong_redis_password
  ```

  ### Redis Cluster
  ```bash
  # 3 masters + 3 replicas = 6 nodes
  redis-cli --cluster create \
    10.0.0.1:7000 10.0.0.2:7001 10.0.0.3:7002 \
    10.0.0.4:7003 10.0.0.5:7004 10.0.0.6:7005 \
    --cluster-replicas 1

  # Check cluster
  redis-cli --cluster check 10.0.0.1:7000

  # Slot distribution
  redis-cli -h 10.0.0.1 -p 7000 cluster slots
  ```

  ### Data Types & Patterns
  ```bash
  # String
  SET user:1001:name "Alice"
  GET user:1001:name
  INCR hits:page:home
  SETNX lock:resource "locked" EX 30

  # Hash
  HSET user:1001 name "Alice" email "alice@example.com" age 30
  HGETALL user:1001
  HINCRBY user:1001 age 1

  # List
  RPUSH queue:emails "email1" "email2"
  LPOP queue:emails
  LRANGE queue:emails 0 -1

  # Set
  SADD tags:article:42 "python" "linux" "devops"
  SMEMBERS tags:article:42
  SINTER tags:article:42 tags:article:43

  # Sorted Set
  ZADD leaderboard 100 "player1" 250 "player2" 50 "player3"
  ZREVRANGE leaderboard 0 9 WITHSCORES  # top 10
  ZINCRBY leaderboard 10 "player1"

  # Pub/Sub
  SUBSCRIBE channel:updates
  PUBLISH channel:updates "new data"

  # Streams
  XADD mystream * field1 value1 field2 value2
  XREADGROUP GROUP consumers cons1 STREAMS mystream COUNT 10 $
  ```

  ### Lua Scripts
  ```bash
  # Atomic operations
  EVAL "
    local current = redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])
    if current == false then
      return 0
    end
    redis.call('INCRBY', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
    return tonumber(current) + tonumber(ARGV[1])
  " 1 account:1001 50
  ```

  ### Monitoring
  ```bash
  # Redis info
  redis-cli INFO memory
  redis-cli INFO replication
  redis-cli INFO stats
  redis-cli INFO clients

  # Key space
  redis-cli DBSIZE
  redis-cli --bigkeys

  # Slow log
  redis-cli SLOWLOG GET 10
  redis-cli CONFIG GET slowlog-log-slower-than
  ```

  ### Redis as Cache Layer
  ```python
  import redis
  import json

  r = redis.Redis(host='10.0.0.1', port=6379, db=0, decode_responses=True)

  # Cache pattern
  def get_user(user_id):
      key = f"user:{user_id}"
      cached = r.get(key)
      if cached:
          return json.loads(cached)
      
      user = db.query(f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id={user_id}")
      r.setex(key, 300, json.dumps(user))  # 5 min TTL
      return user

  # Rate limiter
  def check_rate_limit(client_id, max_requests=100, window=60):
      key = f"rate:{client_id}"
      pipe = r.pipeline()
      pipe.incr(key)
      pipe.expire(key, window)
      count, _ = pipe.execute()
      return count <= max_requests
  ```


entity_id: ent_20260526T212858502671_e7eb993b
type: memory
category: debian/aws-services
strength: moderate
metadata: "{\"source\": \"phase5_gaps\"}"
created_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.502671
updated_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.502671
content:
  ## AWS Services Deep Dive
  ### EC2
  ```bash
  # Launch instance
  aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --count 1 --instance-type t3.medium \
    --key-name my-key \
    --security-group-ids sg-01234567890abcdef \
    --subnet-id subnet-01234567890abcdef \
    --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=instance,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=my-server}]'

  # Instance metadata (from inside EC2)
  curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id
  curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/

  # Auto Scaling
  aws autoscaling create-auto-scaling-group \
    --auto-scaling-group-name my-asg \
    --launch-config-name my-lc \
    --min-size 2 --max-size 10 --desired-capacity 3 \
    --vpc-zone-identifier subnet-1,subnet-2,subnet-3

  # ELB Health Check
  aws elbv2 register-targets --target-group-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:...
  ```

  ### S3
  ```bash
  # Create bucket with versioning
  aws s3api create-bucket --bucket myapp-bucket --region us-east-1
  aws s3api put-bucket-versioning \
    --bucket myapp-bucket \
    --versioning-configuration Status=Enabled

  # Lifecycle rules
  aws s3api put-bucket-lifecycle-configuration \
    --bucket myapp-bucket \
    --lifecycle-configuration '{
      "Rules": [{
        "ID": "transition-to-ia",
        "Status": "Enabled",
        "Filter": {"Prefix": "logs/"},
        "Transitions": [{
          "Days": 30,
          "StorageClass": "STANDARD_IA"
        },{
          "Days": 90,
          "StorageClass": "GLACIER"
        }]
      }]
    }'

  # Server-side encryption
  aws s3api put-bucket-encryption \
    --bucket myapp-bucket \
    --server-side-encryption-configuration '{
      "Rules": [{
        "ApplyServerSideEncryptionByDefault": {
          "SSEAlgorithm": "aws:kms",
          "KMSMasterKeyID": "arn:aws:kms:..."
        }
      }]
    }'

  # S3 as static website
  aws s3 website s3://myapp-bucket/ \
    --index-document index.html \
    --error-document error.html

  # CloudFront + S3 distribution
  aws cloudfront create-distribution --origin-domain-name myapp-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com
  ```

  ### RDS (Managed PostgreSQL/MySQL)
  ```bash
  # Create DB subnet group
  aws rds create-db-subnet-group \
    --db-subnet-group-name mydb-subnet \
    --db-subnet-group-description "Production DB" \
    --subnet-ids subnet-1 subnet-2

  # Create PostgreSQL instance
  aws rds create-db-instance \
    --db-instance-identifier mydb-prod \
    --db-instance-db-instance-class db.r6g.xlarge \
    --engine postgres \
    --engine-version 16 \
    --master-username admin \
    --master-user-password 'strong_password' \
    --allocated-storage 100 \
    --storage-type gp3 \
    --storage-encrypted \
    --multi-az \
    --db-subnet-group-name mydb-subnet \
    --vpc-security-group-ids sg-01234567890 \
    --backup-retention-period 30 \
    --preferred-backup-window "03:00-04:00" \
    --deletion-protection

  # Read replica
  aws rds create-db-instance-read-replica \
    --db-instance-identifier mydb-prod-replica \
    --source-db-instance-identifier mydb-prod
  ```

  ### IAM
  ```bash
  # Create user with limited permissions
  aws iam create-user --user-name deploy-user
  aws iam create-policy \
    --policy-name S3Deploy \
    --policy-document '{
      "Version": "2012-10-17",
      "Statement": [{
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Action": ["s3:GetObject","s3:PutObject","s3:ListBucket"],
        "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::myapp-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::myapp-bucket/*"]
      }]
    }'
  aws iam attach-user-policy \
    --user-name deploy-user \
    --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text):policy/S3Deploy

  # IAM role for EC2
  aws iam create-instance-profile --instance-profile-name ec2-role
  aws iam attach-role-policy \
    --role-name ec2-role \
    --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess
  aws iam add-role-to-instance-profile \
    --instance-profile-name ec2-role --role-name ec2-role
  ```

  ### VPC
  ```bash
  # VPC
  aws ec2 create-vpc --cidr-block 10.0.0.0/16 --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=vpc,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=my-vpc}]'

  # Subnets
  aws ec2 create-subnet --vpc-id vpc-xxx --cidr-block 10.0.1.0/24 --availability-zone us-east-1a
  aws ec2 create-subnet --vpc-id vpc-xxx --cidr-block 10.0.2.0/24 --availability-zone us-east-1b

  # NAT Gateway (private subnet internet access)
  aws ec2 allocate-eip --domain vpc
  aws ec2 create-nat-gateway --subnet-id subnet-public --allocation-id alloc-xxx

  # Route tables
  aws ec2 create-route-table --vpc-id vpc-xxx
  aws ec2 create-route --route-table-id rtb-xxx --destination-cidr-block 0.0.0.0/0 --gateway-id igw-xxx

  # VPC Peering
  aws ec2 create-vpc-peering-connection --vpc-id vpc-xxx --peer-region us-west-2
  ```

  ### ECS (Containers)
  ```bash
  # Create cluster
  aws ecs create-cluster --cluster-name my-cluster

  # Task definition
  cat > task-def.json << 'EOF'
  {
    "family": "myapp",
    "networkMode": "awsvpc",
    "requiresCompatibilities": ["FARGATE"],
    "cpu": "1024",
    "memory": "2048",
    "executionRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::...:role/ecs-exec-role",
    "containerDefinitions": [{
      "name": "app",
      "image": "myapp:latest",
      "portMappings": [{"containerPort": 8080, "protocol": "tcp"}],
      "environment": [
        {"name": "DATABASE_URL", "value": "postgresql://..."},
        {"name": "NODE_ENV", "value": "production"}
      ],
      "logConfiguration": {
        "logDriver": "awslogs",
        "options": {
          "awslogs-group": "/ecs/myapp",
          "awslogs-region": "us-east-1",
          "awslogs-stream-prefix": "ecs"
        }
      }
    }]
  }
  EOF

  # Service
  aws ecs create-service \
    --cluster my-cluster \
    --service-name myapp \
    --task-definition myapp:1 \
    --desired-count 3 \
    --launch-type FARGATE \
    --network-configuration "awsvpcConfiguration={subnets=[subnet-1,subnet-2],securityGroups=[sg-xxx],assignPublicIp=DISABLED}"
  ```


entity_id: ent_20260526T212858725236_755eadcb
type: memory
category: debian/performance-tuning
strength: moderate
metadata: "{\"source\": \"phase5_gaps\"}"
created_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.725236
updated_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.725236
content:
  ## Performance Tuning at Scale
  ### CPU & Process Scheduling
  ```bash
  # CPU governor
  cpupower frequency-set -g performance
  systemctl enable cpupower

  # Nice/renice processes
  nice -n -5 python heavy_script.py   # higher priority
  renice -n 10 -p $(pgrep nginx)     # lower priority

  # CPU affinity (pin process to cores)
  taskset -c 0,1 python worker1.py    # cores 0-1
  taskset -c 2,3 python worker2.py    # cores 2-3
  taskset -cp 0,1 12345              # existing PID

  # cgroups v2 limits
  systemd-run --scope -p CPUQuota=50% -p MemoryMax=2G python script.py
  ```

  ### Memory Tuning
  ```bash
  # /etc/sysctl.conf
  vm.swappiness=1                    # minimize swap usage
  vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50           # favor inode/dentry cache
  vm.dirty_ratio=10                  # max dirty pages before writeback
  vm.dirty_background_ratio=5        # start background writeback at 5%
  vm.overcommit_memory=0             # heuristic overcommit
  vm.min_free_kbytes=65536           # 64MB reserved free memory

  sysctl -p

  # Clear page cache (emergency)
  echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches  # clear pagecache + dentries + inodes

  # Check memory pressure
  free -h
  cat /proc/meminfo | grep -E "Mem|Swap|Cached|Buffers"
  vmstat 1 5
  ```

  ### Disk I/O Tuning
  ```bash
  # I/O scheduler (SSD vs HDD)
  # SSD: none or mq-deadline
  echo none > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
  # HDD: bfq or mq-deadline
  echo bfq > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

  # Check current
  cat /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

  # I/O monitoring
  iostat -x 1 5                     # extended stats
  iotop                             # per-process I/O
  pidstat -d 1                      # I/O by PID

  # Fio benchmark
  fio --name=write-test --filename=/tmp/test --size=1G --runtime=60 \
      --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32 --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --direct=1

  # tmpfs for frequently written temp data
  mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /var/cache/myapp
  ```

  ### Network Tuning
  ```bash
  # /etc/sysctl.conf
  net.core.somaxconn=65535           # backlog queue
  net.core.netdev_max_backlog=5000
  net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65535
  net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=15
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=600
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=30
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65535
  net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen=3

  sysctl -p

  # Network monitoring
  ss -s                              # socket statistics
  ss -tlnp                           # listening TCP
  ss -s -4 | grep "estab"            # established connections
  netstat -i                         # interface stats
  iftop                              # bandwidth by connection
  nload eth0                         # real-time interface stats

  # TCP connection tuning
  # Increase file descriptors
  ulimit -n 65536
  echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
  echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

  # Check limits
  cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
  ```

  ### Load Testing
  ```bash
  # Apache Bench
  ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://example.com/api/

  # WRK
  wrk -t12 -c400 -d30s --latency http://example.com/api/

  # k6
  cat > load-test.js << 'EOF'
  import http from 'k6/http';
  import { check, sleep } from 'k6';

  export const options = {
    stages: [
      { duration: '30s', target: 100 },
      { duration: '1m', target: 500 },
      { duration: '30s', target: 1000 },
      { duration: '1m', target: 500 },
    ],
    thresholds: {
      http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
      http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
    },
  };

  export default function () {
    const res = http.get('http://example.com/api/health');
    check(res, {
      'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
      'response < 200ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 200,
    });
    sleep(1);
  }
  EOF

  k6 run load-test.js
  ```

  ### Caching Strategies
  ```bash
  # Varnish (HTTP cache)
  apt install varnish
  # /etc/varnish/default.vcl
  backend default {
      .host = "127.0.0.1";
      .port = "8080";
  }
  sub vcl_backend_response {
      set beresp.ttl = 1h;
  }

  # Memcached (distributed cache)
  apt install memcached libmemcached-tools
  # /etc/memcached.conf
  -m 2048         # 2GB memory
  -p 11211        # port
  -u memcache     # user
  -c 1024         # max connections

  # Redis caching (already covered in database-redis entity)
  # Use for: session store, rate limiting, pub/sub, caching layer
  ```

  ### Application Profiling
  ```bash
  # Python
  python -m cProfile -s cumtime my_script.py
  python -m line_profiler my_script.py
  python -m memory_profiler my_script.py

  # Flame graphs
  perf record -F 99 -a -g -- sleep 30
  perf script | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > flamegraph.svg

  # Go
  go tool pprof http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/profile
  go tool pprof http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/heap
  ```


entity_id: ent_20260526T212858948042_06ccb856
type: memory
category: debian/disaster-recovery
strength: moderate
metadata: "{\"source\": \"phase5_gaps\"}"
created_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.948042
updated_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:58.948042
content:
  ## Disaster Recovery
  ### Backup Strategy
  ```bash
  # 3-2-1 Rule:
  # 3 copies of data
  # 2 different media
  # 1 off-site

  # Backup types:
  # Full — complete backup, slow but simple restore
  # Incremental — changes since last backup (any type)
  # Differential — changes since last FULL backup

  # Automated backup script
  #!/bin/bash
  set -euo pipefail

  BACKUP_DIR="/backups/$(date +%Y%m%d)"
  TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

  mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

  # Database backup
  pg_dumpall -U postgres | gzip > "$BACKUP_DIR/db_all.sql.gz"
  mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction | gzip > "$BACKUP_DIR/mysql_all.sql.gz"
  redis-cli BGSAVE && cp /var/lib/redis/dump.rdb "$BACKUP_DIR/redis.rdb"

  # Filesystem backup (rsync)
  rsync -az --delete \
    --exclude={'/proc/*','/sys/*','/dev/*','/tmp/*','/backups/*','/var/cache/*'} \
    / "$BACKUP_DIR/filesystem/"

  # Encrypt backup
  gpg --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 --batch \
    --passphrase "$BACKUP_KEY" \
    "$BACKUP_DIR/db_all.sql.gz"

  # Upload to off-site (S3)
  aws s3 cp "$BACKUP_DIR/db_all.sql.gz.gpg" s3://dr-backups/db/$TIMESTAMP/
  aws s3 cp "$BACKUP_DIR/filesystem/" "s3://dr-backups/filesystem/$TIMESTAMP/" --recursive

  # Rotate old backups (keep 30 days)
  find /backups -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;
  aws s3 ls s3://dr-backups/ | awk '{print $2}' | while read date; do
    if [[ $(date -d "$date" +%s) -lt $(date -d "30 days ago" +%s) ]]; then
      aws s3 rm "s3://dr-backups/$date" --recursive
    fi
  done
  ```

  ### Restore Procedures
  ```bash
  # Full database restore
  gzip -cd db_20240101.sql.gz | psql -U postgres
  gunzip < mysql_20240101.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p

  # PITR (Point-in-Time Recovery) for PostgreSQL
  # 1. Stop PostgreSQL
  systemctl stop postgresql

  # 2. Restore base backup
  rm -rf /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/*
  pg_restore -U postgres -d postgres /backups/base_20240101.dump

  # 3. Configure WAL replay
  # postgresql.conf
  restore_command = 'cp /backups/wal/%f %p'
  recovery_target_time = '2024-01-01 14:30:00'

  # 4. Create recovery signal
  touch /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/recovery.signal

  # 5. Start — will replay WALs to target time
  systemctl start postgresql

  # Filesystem restore
  rsync -az --delete /backups/20240101/filesystem/ /
  ```

  ### Failover Configuration
  ```bash
  # Keepalived (VIP failover)
  apt install keepalived

  # /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
  global_defs {
      router_id LVS_DEBIAN
  }

  vrrp_script chk_nginx {
      script "/usr/bin/killall -0 nginx"
      interval 2
      weight -20
  }

  vrrp_instance VI_1 {
      state MASTER              # MASTER on primary, BACKUP on secondary
      interface eth0
      virtual_router_id 51
      priority 100             # higher = master (secondary: 90)
      advert_int 1

      authentication {
          auth_type PASS
          auth_pass secret123
      }

      virtual_ipaddress {
          10.0.0.100/24 dev eth0
      }

      track_script {
          chk_nginx
      }
  }

  # Test failover
  systemctl stop nginx             # VIP moves to backup
  ip addr show eth0                # check VIP migration
  ```

  ### DR Testing
  ```bash
  # DR drill checklist:
  # 1. Simulate failure (stop primary DB, power off server)
  # 2. Initiate failover (activate standby, promote replica)
  # 3. Verify service restoration
  # 4. Validate data integrity
  # 5. Measure RTO (Recovery Time Objective)
  # 6. Measure RPO (Recovery Point Objective)
  # 7. Document findings

  # Automated DR test
  #!/bin/bash
  echo "=== DR Test $(date) ==="

  # Test 1: Backup integrity
  echo "Testing backup integrity..."
  pg_restore --list /backups/latest.dump > /dev/null && echo "✅ Backup valid" || echo "❌ Backup corrupt"

  # Test 2: Failover timing
  echo "Testing failover..."
  START=$(date +%s)
  systemctl stop postgresql
  systemctl start postgresql@1        # switch to replica
  sleep 5
  pg_isready -h 10.0.0.100 && echo "✅ Failover OK" || echo "❌ Failover failed"
  END=$(date +%s)
  echo "RTO: $((END - START)) seconds"

  # Test 3: Replication lag
  echo "Testing replication lag..."
  LAG=$(sudo -u postgres psql -t -c "SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()))")
  echo "Replication lag: ${LAG}s"
  ```

  ### Runbook Template
  ```markdown
  # Service Recovery Runbook

  ## Critical Alerts Response
  ### Database Down
  1. Check status: `systemctl status postgresql`
  2. Check disk: `df -h`, `lsblk`
  3. Check logs: `journalctl -u postgresql --since "1 hour ago"`
  4. If disk full: clear old WAL files, rotate logs
  5. If crashed: `pg_ctl promote` for failover
  6. Verify: `pg_isready`, run test query
  7. Notify: update status page, send Slack alert

  ### High Memory (>90%)
  1. Identify: `top -o %MEM`, `smem -k`
  2. Check OOM killer: `dmesg | grep -i oom`
  3. Restart offending service or clear caches
  4. If swap active: investigate memory leak
  5. Consider: scale up, add caching, optimize queries

  ### Disk Space (<10%)
  1. Find large files: `du -sh /* | sort -rh | head -20`
  2. Check logs: `ls -lhS /var/log/`
  3. Clear: old logs, tmp files, old backups
  4. Expand: `lvextend` for LVM, grow partition
  5. Monitor: set alert at 15% threshold
  ```


entity_id: ent_20260526T212859167951_bb5575be
type: memory
category: debian/compliance-security
strength: moderate
metadata: "{\"source\": \"phase5_gaps\"}"
created_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:59.167951
updated_at: 2026-05-26T21:28:59.167951
content:
  ## Compliance & Security Frameworks
  ### CIS Benchmarks (Debian 12)
  ```bash
  # 1.1 - Disk Partitioning
  # /boot: separate partition, noexec,nodev,nosuid
  # /tmp: separate, noexec,nosuid,nodev
  # /var/log: separate partition

  # /etc/fstab examples
  /dev/sda1  /boot  ext4  defaults,noexec,nodev,nosuid  0 2
  /dev/sda2  /      ext4  defaults,noatime              0 1
  /dev/sda3  /tmp   ext4  defaults,noexec,nosuid,nodev  0 2
  /dev/sda4  /var   ext4  defaults,noatime              0 2
  /dev/sda5  /var/log ext4 defaults,noatime,noexec      0 2

  # 2.1 - Configure SSH
  # /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  PermitRootLogin no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  PubkeyAuthentication yes
  X11Forwarding no
  MaxAuthTries 3
  ClientAliveInterval 300
  ClientAliveCountMax 2
  Protocol 2
  AllowGroups ssh-users
  LoginGraceTime 60

  # 2.2 - Set Kernel Parameters
  # /etc/sysctl.d/99-hardening.conf
  # IP spoofing protection
  net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
  net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

  # Disable source routing
  net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
  net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
  net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

  # Disable ICMP redirects
  net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
  net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
  net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0

  # Enable SYN cookies
  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

  # Ignore ICMP broadcast pings
  net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1

  # Disable IP forwarding (unless router)
  net.ipv4.ip_forward=0

  sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-hardening.conf

  # 2.3 - Filesystem Integrity
  apt install aide
  aide --init
  cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db
  # Cron: aide --check (daily)

  # 3.1 - User & Group Configuration
  # /etc/login.defs
  PASS_MAX_DAYS 90
  PASS_MIN_DAYS 7
  PASS_MIN_LEN 12
  PASS_WARN_AGE 14
  UMASK 027

  # Lock unused system accounts
  for user in $(awk -F: '$3 == 0 {print $1}' /etc/passwd); do
      passwd -l "$user"  # lock except root
  done

  # 3.2 - Auditd
  apt install auditd audispd-plugins
  # /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules
  -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity
  -w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity
  -w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k sudoers
  -w /etc/ssh/sshd_config -p wa -k sshd
  -w /usr/sbin/useradd -p x -k user_modification
  -w /usr/sbin/userdel -p x -k user_modification
  -w /usr/bin/sudo -p x -k privilege_escalation
  -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -k exec
  -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S open,openat,creat,trunc -k file_access

  systemctl enable --now auditd
  ```

  ### PCI-DSS Requirements Checklist
  ```bash
  # Req 1: Install and maintain firewall
  apt install ufw
  ufw default deny incoming
  ufw default allow outgoing
  ufw allow 22/tcp comment "SSH"
  ufw allow 80/tcp comment "HTTP"
  uff allow 443/tcp comment "HTTPS"
  ufw enable

  # Req 2: Do not use vendor-supplied defaults
  # - Change all default passwords
  # - Disable default accounts
  # - Review /etc/default/ configs

  # Req 3: Protect stored cardholder data
  # - Encrypt sensitive fields at rest
  # - Use TLS for data in transit
  # - Implement proper key management

  # Req 4: Encrypt transmission of cardholder data
  # - TLS 1.2+ everywhere
  # - Strong cipher suites only

  # Req 5: Protect all systems with anti-virus
  apt install clamav clamav-daemon
  freshclam
  clamscan -r / --infected --recursive

  # Req 6: Develop and maintain secure systems
  # - Patch management
  unattended-upgrades
  # /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
  APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
  APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

  # Req 8: Assign unique user IDs
  # - No shared accounts
  # - Implement LDAP/SSO for authentication

  # Req 9: Restrict physical access
  # - N/A for cloud servers
  # - For on-prem: physical security controls

  # Req 10: Log and monitor all access
  # - Centralized logging
  # - SIEM integration
  # - Retention policy (min 1 year)

  # Req 11: Test security regularly
  # - Vulnerability scans
  apt install openvas
  # - Penetration testing (quarterly)
  # - Network security testing

  # Req 12: Support information security
  # - Security policy documentation
  # - Employee training
  # - Incident response plan
  ```

  ### HIPAA Compliance Basics
  ```bash
  # Access Controls
  # - Unique user identification
  # - Automatic logoff after inactivity
  # - Emergency access procedures

  # Audit Controls
  # - Hardware/software audit trails
  # - Tamper-evident audit logs
  # - Regular audit review

  # Integrity Controls
  # - Mechanisms to ensure data not altered
  # - Checksums and encryption
  # - Regular data integrity checks

  # Transmission Security
  # - Encrypt data in transit
  # - Implement access validation

  # Technical Safeguards
  # 1. Access Control (unique IDs, emergency access, auto-logoff, encryption)
  # 2. Audit Controls (audit trails, monitoring)
  # 3. Integrity (protected data, person/entity authentication)
  # 4. Transmission Security (encryption, integrity controls)
  ```

  ### Automated Compliance Check
  ```bash
  #!/bin/bash
  # Simple CIS compliance checker
  PASS=0
  FAIL=0

  check() {
      local desc="$1" cmd="$2"
      if eval "$cmd" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "✅ $desc"
          ((PASS++))
      else
          echo "❌ $desc"
          ((FAIL++))
      fi
  }

  echo "=== Quick Security Audit ==="

  # SSH
  check "SSH root login disabled" "grep -q 'PermitRootLogin no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config"
  check "SSH password auth disabled" "grep -q 'PasswordAuthentication no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config"
  check "SSH protocol 2" "grep -q 'Protocol 2' /etc/ssh/sshd_config"

  # Kernel
  check "SYN cookies enabled" "sysctl -a | grep -q 'tcp_syncookies=1'"
  check "IP forwarding disabled" "sysctl -a | grep -q 'ip_forward=0'"
  check "Source routing disabled" "sysctl -a | grep -q 'accept_source_route=0'"

  # Firewall
  check "Firewall active" "ufw status | grep -q 'active'"

  # File permissions
  check "/etc/passwd permissions" "[ $(stat -c %a /etc/passwd) = '644' ]"
  check "/etc/shadow permissions" "[ $(stat -c %a /etc/shadow) = '640' ]"

  # Services
  check "Auditd running" "systemctl is-active auditd"
  check "Fail2ban running" "systemctl is-active fail2ban"

  echo ""
  echo "Results: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed"
  ```


entity_id: domain_curriculum
type: domain
category: curriculum
strength: strong
metadata: {"subject": "overview", "grade": "2nd", "weeks": 32}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:05.965869
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # 2nd Grade Curriculum Domain

  Complete 2nd grade homeschool curriculum: Math, ELA, Science across 32 weeks.

  ## Structure
  - **Math**: 32 weeks, 160 lessons (Mon-Fri), 5 phases
  - **ELA**: 32 weeks, 160 lessons (Mon-Fri), 5 phases
  - **Science**: 32 weeks, 96 lessons (Mon/Wed/Fri), topic-based
  - **Spelling/Phonics**: Integrated into ELA, separate generator workflow

  ## Location
  - Base: `~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/`
  - Math: `~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/Math/`
  - ELA: `~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/English_Language_Arts/`
  - Science: `~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/Science/`

  ## Output Format
  - PDF worksheets via WeasyPrint
  - Strict page constraints per day
  - Purple (#673ab7) and orange (#ff9800) color scheme
  - Sky/fence/ground writing lines

  ## Key Skills
  - ela-week-generator-architecture, spelling-generator-workflow, generate-math-week
  - worksheet-generator-workflow, math-worksheet-audit, handwriting-practice-specs
  - ela-audit-workflow, curriculum-audit-checklist


entity_id: curriculum_math
type: curriculum
category: curriculum/math
strength: strong
metadata: {"subject": "math", "weeks": 32, "phases": 5, "lessons": 160}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:06.189818
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # 2nd Grade Math Curriculum

  ## Phases & Progression

  ### Phase 1: Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1-6)
  - Wk 1-2: Counting & Number Sense to 100, Place Value (Tens & Ones)
  - Wk 3-5: Comparing/Ordering, Addition Facts to 20, Subtraction Facts to 20
  - Wk 6: Phase 1 checkpoint

  ### Phase 2: Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7-14)
  - Wk 7-8: Adding/Subtracting within 100 (no regrouping)
  - Wk 9-10: Addition/Subtraction with Regrouping
  - Wk 11-13: Mixed 2-Digit, Adding 3 Numbers, 3-Digit Add/Sub
  - Wk 14: Word Problems (Add/Sub to 100)

  ### Phase 3: Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15-20)
  - Wk 15-17: Length (inches/cm), Telling Time, Time Word Problems
  - Wk 18-19: Money (coins/bills, adding & change)
  - Wk 20: Phase 3 checkpoint

  ### Phase 4: Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21-26)
  - Wk 21-23: 2D Shapes, 3D Shapes, Lines/Angles/Symmetry
  - Wk 24-25: Area & Perimeter, Intro to Fractions
  - Wk 26: Phase 4 Review

  ### Phase 5: Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27-32)
  - Wk 27-28: Equal Groups/Arrays, Repeated Addition -> Multiplication
  - Wk 29-30: Multiplication Facts 0-5, then 6-10
  - Wk 31: Division as Equal Sharing
  - Wk 32: Final Review & Assessment

  ## Conventions
  - 5 days/week, each day a separate PDF, 6-8 activities per page
  - SVG fraction circles (skill: math-fraction-svg)
  - SVG clock faces (skill: svg-clock-generation)
  - Hundreds charts, skip counting (2s, 5s, 10s)

  ## Audit
  - `lint_week.py` before generating (catches f-string bugs)
  - `scripts/audit_math.py` for correctness check
  - Validates: skip-counting, place value, ordering, comparison operators


entity_id: curriculum_ela
type: curriculum
category: curriculum/ela
strength: strong
metadata: {"subject": "ela", "weeks": 32, "phases": 5, "lessons": 160}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:06.407612
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # 2nd Grade ELA Curriculum

  ## Structure
  - Encoding (Spelling/Grammar): Learning to write correctly
  - Decoding (Phonics/Reading): Learning to read correctly
  - 32 weeks, 5 phases, 160 lessons total

  ## Phonics Phases

  ### Phase 1: Foundational Patterns (Weeks 1-6)
  - Wk 1: Short Vowels, Wk 2: Silent E, Wk 3: AI/AY/EE/EA
  - Wk 4: OA/OW/OU/EW, Wk 5: Digraphs (SH/CH/TH/WH/PH/CK), Wk 6: Soft C/G

  ### Phase 2: Advanced Patterns (Weeks 7-12)
  - Wk 7: R-Controlled, Wk 8: Double Consonants
  - Wk 9: Prefixes (UN-/RE-/DIS-), Wk 10: Suffixes (-ED/-ING/-S/-ES)
  - Wk 11: Suffixes (-ER/-EST/-LY/-FUL/-LESS), Wk 12: Homophones

  ### Phase 3: Word Meaning & Vocabulary (Weeks 13-18)
  - Wk 13: High-Frequency Words, Wk 14-15: Synonyms/Antonyms
  - Wk 16: Multiple Meaning Words, Wk 17: Word Families & Roots
  - Wk 18: Context Clues

  ### Phase 4: Grammar & Writing (Weeks 19-24)
  - Wk 19: Nouns, Wk 20: Verbs, Wk 21: Adjectives/Adverbs
  - Wk 22: Sentence Structure/Punctuation, Wk 23: Contractions/Apostrophes
  - Wk 24: Figurative Language

  ### Phase 5: Review & Mastery (Weeks 25-32)
  - Wk 25-26: Cumulative Review (Vowels, Prefixes/Suffixes)
  - Wk 27-28: Challenging Spellings (Y/IE-EI/IGH), Syllabification
  - Wk 29-31: Spelling in Writing, Word Categories, Vocab in Reading
  - Wk 32: Final Review & Celebration

  ## Word Rules
  - 12 words/week, 6+ letters minimum, ALL match target phonics pattern

  ## Daily Layout
  - Mon (4p): Word Cards -> Story -> Vowel Sort -> Copy/Fill/Opposites
  - Tue (3p): Scramble -> Reading -> Comprehension -> Pattern Hunt -> Word Swap
  - Wed (4p): Reading -> Vocab Q -> Syn/Ant -> Word Web -> Context Clues
  - Thu (4p): Story -> Detective -> Swap -> Paragraph -> Creative Writing
  - Fri (5p): TEST -> Review Reading -> Opposites -> Journal -> Celebration

  ## Friday Rules
  - NO learning/remember boxes (assessment only)
  - Spelling test: 12 blank lines


entity_id: curriculum_science
type: curriculum
category: curriculum/science
strength: strong
metadata: {"subject": "science", "weeks": 32, "lessons": 96}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:06.625326
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # 2nd Grade Science Curriculum

  ## Structure
  - 32 weeks, Mon/Wed/Fri schedule (3 lessons/week = 96 total)
  - Topic-based progression with hands-on experiments

  ## Units

  ### Scientific Method & Observation (Weeks 1-2)
  - Wk 1: Introduction to Scientific Observation
  - Wk 2: Properties of Materials

  ### Properties of Matter (Weeks 3-10)
  - Wk 3-5: Hard/Soft/Rough/Smooth, Flexible/Rigid, Absorbent
  - Wk 6-9: Solids/Liquids/Gases intro + deep dives
  - Wk 10: States of Matter Review

  ### Plants & Growth (Weeks 11-16)
  - Wk 11: What Do Plants Need?
  - Wk 12-14: Plant Growth Experiment (setup, observation)
  - Wk 15: Plant Parts and Functions
  - Wk 16: Experiment Results

  ### Habitats & Ecosystems (Weeks 17-20)
  - Wk 17-19: Land Habitats, Water Habitats
  - Wk 20: Ecosystems and Interdependence

  ### Earth Science (Weeks 21-27)
  - Wk 21-22: Water on Earth, Water Cycle
  - Wk 23-25: Weather/Climate, Slow Changes, Erosion/Weathering
  - Wk 26-27: Fast Changes, Rocks and Soil

  ### Biology & Engineering (Weeks 28-32)
  - Wk 28-29: Diversity of Plants/Animals
  - Wk 30: Patterns in Nature
  - Wk 31: Engineering Design Challenge
  - Wk 32: Year-End Review & Celebration

  ## Pedagogy
  - Hands-on experiments, observation journals
  - Engineering design challenges, real-world connections


entity_id: curriculum_worksheet_design
type: convention
category: curriculum/design
strength: strong
metadata: {"type": "design-convention", "applies_to": "all_subjects"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:06.848117
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # Worksheet Design Conventions

  ## Layout
  - Page: 8.5x11" (letter), Margins: 0.5" (36pt) left/right
  - Colors: Purple (#673ab7), Orange (#ff9800)
  - Blanks: 4-6em short, 6-8em shapes, 8em+ explanations
  - CSS: .b=3em, .bw=6em, .bl=8em
  - Shapes: horizontal flex row (display:flex; gap:10px), NOT grids

  ## Writing Lines (Sky/Fence/Ground)
  - Blue solid = ground (baseline), Red dashed = fence (midline)
  - Blue dotted = sky (topline)
  - In tables: requires position:relative on parent td
  - Use write_line() helper from helpers.py

  ## Page Breaks
  - Explicit breaks between sections via page_break() helper
  - Never let content bleed across page boundaries
  - Fix overflow with height spacers or explicit breaks

  ## Friday Assessments
  - NO learning/remember boxes, clean test format

  ## Helper Functions (from helpers.py)
  - CSS, header, sectitle, secnote, write_line, copy_line
  - page_break, word_bank, fill_blank_with_line, word_search
  - remember_box, fb

  ## Validation
  - from validate import validate_week, report_validation


entity_id: curriculum_generator_architecture
type: architecture
category: curriculum/generators
strength: strong
metadata: {"type": "architecture", "tool": "python"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.064806
updated_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.064806
content:
  # Worksheet Generator Architecture

  ## File Structure
  ```
  ~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/English_Language_Arts/
    generate_week_template.py   # Master template with [UPDATE] markers
    validate.py                   # Shared validation
    helpers.py                    # Shared CSS + HTML helpers
    Week_XX/generate_weekX.py     # Week-specific generator
  ```

  ## Workflow
  1. Copy template -> Week_XX/generate_weekX.py
  2. Change WEEK path, fill WORDS list (word, pattern, definition)
  3. Replace 73 [UPDATE] markers with week-specific content
  4. Run: python3 Week_XX/generate_weekX.py

  ## Best Practice
  - DO: Build incrementally with execute_code, validate syntax per step
  - DO NOT: Use patch on generators (fuzzy-match issues with HTML tags)
  - Pattern: Build -> compile(full, file, exec) -> write

  ## Pre-Generation
  - lint_week.py (catches f-string bugs)
  - Delete stale PDFs: rm -f Week_XX/*/Week*.pdf
  - Verify 12 words, 6+ letters, match phonics pattern

  ## Common Bugs
  - Missing f-string prefix: {var} renders as literal text
  - String concat in f-strings breaks evaluation
  - Unicode in f-strings -> SyntaxError (use HTML entities)
  - Word Swap: highlight ORIGINAL words, not swap targets
  - Detective: exactly 8 pairs matching answers
  - Writing lines in tables need position:relative


entity_id: curriculum_weasyprint_constraints
type: tool-constraint
category: curriculum/weasyprint
strength: strong
metadata: {"tool": "weasyprint", "type": "constraint-reference"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.282843
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:01:32.404030
content:
  # WeasyPrint PDF Constraints

  ## Supported
  - Standard CSS, HTML tables, explicit page breaks
  - border-collapse: separate for border-radius on cells
  - Standard 14 PDF fonts built-in

  ## NOT Supported
  - NO CSS floats, NO CSS Grid, NO inline-block wrapping
  - NO ::before/::after pseudo-elements
  - NO flex-wrap (single direction only)
  - border-collapse: collapse breaks border-radius

  ## API
  - from weasyprint import HTML
  - HTML(string=html).write_pdf(path)

  ## Page Break Debugging
  - break-after: avoid on .section-title / .section-note
  - Explicit div with page-break-after: always

  ## Verification
  - pdftotext output.pdf - | wc -l (text length)
  - pdf2image (visual verification)
  - PyMuPDF: len(doc.pages) for page count

  ## Related Skills
  - weasyprint-page-break-debugging, weasyprint-pdf-page-breaks
  - weasyprint-pdf-workflow, weasyprint-pagination


entity_id: curriculum_pedagogy_2nd_grade
type: pedagogy
category: curriculum/pedagogy
strength: strong
metadata: {"grade": "2nd", "age": 7, "type": "pedagogy"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.498770
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  # 2nd Grade Pedagogy Principles

  ## Learning Stage
  - Age 7: Developing handwriting, building reading fluency
  - Transitioning from learning-to-read to reading-to-learn
  - Concrete operational thinking: needs visual/spatial representations
  - Attention span: 15-20 minutes per activity

  ## Reading Development
  - Decoding: Phonics patterns, vowel teams, digraphs, blends
  - Encoding: Spelling rules, patterns, word structure
  - Fluency: Sight words, reading speed, expression
  - Comprehension: Q&A, drawing what they read
  - Vocabulary: Context clues, synonyms, antonyms, word families

  ## Math Development
  - Number Sense: Counting to 100, place value, comparing
  - Operations: Add/sub within 100, intro to multiplication
  - Measurement: inches/cm, time, money, weight
  - Geometry: 2D/3D shapes, symmetry, area/perimeter
  - Fractions: Intro to halves, thirds, fourths

  ## Writing Development
  - Sky/fence/ground lines for letter formation
  - Copy -> guided -> independent writing progression
  - Sentence structure: capitals, punctuation, spacing
  - Creative: stories, diaries, journals

  ## Assessment
  - Friday assessments: review-focused, not punitive
  - Celebration sections for motivation
  - Checkpoints: Weeks 6, 20, 26, 32
  - 12 words/week, 6+ letters minimum

  ## Activity Design
  - 6-8 activities/page, mix of formats
  - Visual: shapes, clocks, fraction circles, number lines
  - Science: experiments, observation journals, engineering


entity_id: curriculum_handwriting
type: curriculum
category: curriculum/handwriting
strength: moderate
metadata: {"type": "handwriting", "tool": "raw_pdf"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.716828
updated_at: 2026-05-28 03:36:51
content:
  Handwriting Practice: Script ~/.hermes/scripts/handwriting_practice.py, Output ~/.hermes/output/handwriting_practice.pdf, Spacing 0.25in, Sky-fence-ground blue+red, Fence: a c e i m n o r s u v w x z, Drop: g j p q y


entity_id: curriculum_audit_quality
type: workflow
category: curriculum/audit
strength: strong
metadata: {"type": "quality-assurance"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.934967
updated_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:07.934967
content:
  # Curriculum Audit & Quality Assurance

  ## Pre-Generation
  1. lint_week.py - catch f-string interpolation bugs
  2. Verify word list: 12 words, 6+ letters, match pattern
  3. Check previous week PDFs for layout reference
  4. Delete stale PDFs before regenerating

  ## Post-Generation
  1. Page counts: Mon=4, Tue=3, Wed=4, Thu=4, Fri=5
  2. No content bleeding across page boundaries
  3. All 12 words on Monday Word Cards and in story
  4. Spelling test: 12 blank lines
  5. No learning/remember boxes on Friday
  6. Writing lines render in table cells

  ## Math Audits
  - scripts/audit_math.py: skip-counting, place value, ordering, operators
  - Activity count: 6 target, warn if <4 or >6

  ## ELA Audits
  - Phonetic audit: each word matches stated pattern
  - Detective: exactly 8 pairs matching answers
  - Opposites, synonyms, antonyms consistency
  - Context clues use words from current week

  ## Common Issues
  - WeasyPrint caches stale PDFs -> always delete first
  - f-string concat bugs -> literal text rendering
  - Unicode in f-strings -> SyntaxError
  - Page overflow -> reduce activities or add spacers
  - border-radius on cells -> need border-collapse: separate


entity_id: curriculum_spelling_workflow
type: workflow
category: curriculum/spelling
strength: moderate
metadata: {"type": "spelling-generator"}
created_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:08.153186
updated_at: 2026-05-26T22:56:08.153186
content:
  # Spelling Curriculum Generator Workflow

  ## Location
  ~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/English_Language_Arts/Week_NN/generate_weekN.py

  ## Output
  - 5 PDFs/week (Mon-Fri) via WeasyPrint

  ## Day Structure
  - Mon (4p): Learning Box + Word Cards -> Story + Grammar -> Vowel Sort -> Copy/Fill/Opposites
  - Tue (3p): Learning + Remember -> Scramble + Reading + Comp -> Swap + Builder
  - Wed (3p): Learning + Reading -> Vocab + Syn/Ant + Word Web + Sort -> Fill Story + Context
  - Thu (4p): Learning + Remember -> Spelling Story + Comp -> Detective + Swap -> Map + Paragraph
  - Fri (3p): NO learning boxes -> Test + Review -> Builder + Journal + Celebration

  ## Rules
  - 12 words/week, 6+ letters, match phonics pattern
  - Friday: assessment only (no learning/remember boxes)
  - Spelling test: 12 blank lines

  ## Building
  - execute_code for incremental builds (header -> validate -> append days)
  - NO patch on generators (fuzzy-match with HTML closing tags)
  - Pre-evaluate dynamic content before f-strings


entity_id: phonics_short_vowels
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.072057
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.072057
content:
  # Short Vowels

  ## Core Rule
  Short vowels appear in closed syllables (CVC, CVCC). The vowel is followed by at least one consonant within the same syllable, keeping the vowel sound short.

  ## IPA Sounds
  - **short_a**: /æ/ — as in *cat, basket, garden*
  - **short_e**: /ɛ/ — as in *bed, helmet, elephant*
  - **short_i**: /ɪ/ — as in *sit, kitten, insect*
  - **short_o**: /ɔ/ — as in *hot, octopus, doctor*
  - **short_u**: /ʌ/ — as in *cup, umbrella, bubble*

  ## Structural Pattern
  - CVC (cat, bed, sit, hot, cup)
  - CVCC (duck, lock, stop)
  - Multi-syllable: stressed syllable contains the short vowel (AN-i-mal, EL-e-phant)

  ## Key Words (6+ letters for curriculum)
  - short_a: basket, garden, animal, blanket
  - short_e: helmet, elephant
  - short_i: insect, kitten
  - short_o: octopus, doctor
  - short_u: umbrella, bubble

  ## Validation Rule
  Word must contain the target vowel. If it has CVCe structure (consonant + e ending), it is NOT short — the silent e makes the vowel long.

  ## Common Pitfall
  Multi-syllable words taught as short vowel in Week 1 but actually have r-controlled in a later syllable (e.g., *winter* = short_i + r_control_er, *doctor* = short_o + r_control_or). These are registered as multi-pattern words.

  ## Teaching Tip
  Tap out syllables and emphasize the stressed one. Short vowels = quick sounds.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 1 — Foundation week. Short vowels are the starting point for all other patterns.


entity_id: phonics_silent_e
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.300279
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.300279
content:
  # Silent E (Magic E / CVCe)

  ## Core Rule
  The final silent 'e' makes the preceding vowel say its name (long sound). The 'e' itself is not pronounced — it 'reaches back' to change the vowel.

  ## IPA Sounds
  - **long_a_cvc_e**: a_e → /eɪ/ — *cake, tape, debate*
  - **long_e_cvc_e**: e_e → /iː/ — *relieve*
  - **long_i_cvc_e**: i_e → /aɪ/ — *bike, invite, divide*
  - **long_o_cvc_e**: o_e → /oʊ/ — *home, remote, devote*
  - **long_u_cvc_e**: u_e → /juː/ — *cube, rescue*

  ## Structural Pattern
  - CVCe: consonant + vowel + consonant + e (cake, bike, home, cube)
  - Minimum 4 letters
  - Single vowel before the final consonant(s)

  ## Multi-Syllable Exceptions (taught as CVCe)
  - *rescue*: re-scue (ue → /juː/)
  - *invite*: in-vite (i_e pattern)
  - *relieve*: re-lieve (ie team)
  - *divide*: di-vide (i_e pattern)
  - *strange*: str-a-ng-e (ng digraph)

  ## CRITICAL Pitfall — Exception Placement
  In the validator, exceptions MUST be checked at the TOP of validate_silent_e(), before structural validation. If placed after the '2 vowels' or 'vowel before e' checks, the function returns False before reaching the exceptions dict.

  ## Common Generator Bugs
  - Comparatives like *faster* claimed as a_e (CVCe) — actually *fast + er* (suffix)
  - Words with ng digraph (*strange, change*) have 2 consonants after vowel

  ## Teaching Tip
  Compare pairs: *cap* → *cape*, *bit* → *bite*, *hop* → *hope*, *cut* → *cube*. Show how the silent e 'reaches over' the consonant.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 2 — Builds directly on short vowels from Week 1.


entity_id: phonics_vowel_teams
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.524333
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.524333
content:
  # Vowel Teams

  ## Core Rule
  Two vowels together — the first one does the work (says its name). The second vowel is silent or modifies the sound.

  ## AI / AY — Long A (/eɪ/)
  - **ai**: appears in middle of words (rain, paint, railroad, mailbox)
  - **ay**: appears at end of words (day, play, mainland)
  - Positional rule: ai = middle, ay = end

  ## EE / EA — Long E (/iː/)
  - **ee**: bee, feet, street, cheese, cheerful
  - **ea**: leaf (but NOT sweater/teacher — those are short e ea = /ɛ/)
  - EA is inconsistent: can be /iː/ (leaf), /ɛ/ (sweater, teacher), or /eɪ/ (steak, break)

  ## OA — Long O (/oʊ/)
  - oa: boat, sailboat, boatyard, oatmeal

  ## OW — Two Sounds (/oʊ/ and /aʊ/)
  - **long_o_ow** (/oʊ/): snow, bowl, yellow, snowball
  - **short_o_ow** (/aʊ/): cow, town, clown, rainbow (second syllable)
  - OW is context-dependent — must memorize

  ## OU — Long O (/aʊ/)
  - ou: house, mouse, fountain, mountain, outdoor

  ## EW — Two Sounds (/juː/ and /oʊ/)
  - **long_u_ew** (/juː/): chew, sew (sometimes), newspaper
  - **short_e_ew** (/oʊ/): sew, new

  ## Validator Keys (all must be registered)
  long_a_ai, long_a_ay, long_e_ea, long_e_ee, long_e_ew,
  long_i_ee, long_i_igh, long_o_oe, long_o_oa, long_o_ou, long_o_ow,
  long_u_ew, long_u_oo, short_e_ew, short_o_ow, vowel_team

  ## Common Generator Bugs
  Week 3 swap: sweater/teacher claimed ee instead of ea; cheese/cheerful claimed ea instead of ee. Always verify the actual letters in the word match the claimed team.

  ## Multi-Pattern Words
  - *rainbow*: long_a_ai (W3 rain) / long_o_ow (W4 bow)
  - *teacher*: long_e_ea (W3 ea) / digraph_ch (W5 ch)

  ## Week Placement
  Week 3 (ai/ay/ee/ea), Week 4 (oa/ow/ou/ew)


entity_id: phonics_digraphs
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.743552
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.743552
content:
  # Digraphs

  ## Core Rule
  Two letters that make ONE sound. The individual letter sounds don't appear — the combination creates a new sound.

  ## SH — /ʃ/ (Voiceless postalveolar fricative)
  - ship, fish, wish, shelter
  - Position: beginning or end of words

  ## CH — /tʃ/ (Voiceless postalveolar affricate)
  - chin, chat, stretch, teacher, cheese
  - Position: beginning, middle, or end

  ## TH — Two Sounds (/θ/ and /ð/)
  - **voiceless /θ/**: bath, th, smooth, thunder, mother (actually ð here)
  - **voiced /ð/**: this, mother, father, together
  - Rule of thumb: between vowels = voiced /ð/, word-initial/after consonant = voiceless /θ/

  ## WH — /w/ (Initial consonant)
  - when, whether, wheel
  - Can be hushed /hw/ in some dialects

  ## PH — /f/ (Greek origin)
  - phone, dolphin, physics
  - Almost always from Greek-derived words

  ## CK — /k/ (After short vowels)
  - neck, duck, truck, pocket, rocket
  - Rule: ck appears after a short vowel at the end of a syllable

  ## Multi-Pattern Words
  - *teacher*: digraph_ch (W5) / long_e_ea (W3)
  - *whether*: digraph_wh (W5) / homophone (W12)
  - *smooth*: digraph_th (NOT sh — common mistake)

  ## Common Generator Bug
  Week 5: *smooth* claimed as sh digraph — actually th digraph (/θ/). The 'sm' at the start can mislead. Check the actual digraph letters.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 5 — Consonant digraphs after vowel teams.


entity_id: phonics_soft_cg
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.968824
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:02.968824
content:
  # Soft C and Soft G

  ## Core Rule
  C and G have two sounds each. Before e, i, or y they become soft.

  ## Soft C — /s/ (before e, i, y)
  - **ci**: city, magic, circle, notice, decide
  - **ce**: face, dance, ceiling
  - **cy**: bicycle

  ## Soft G — /dʒ/ (before e, i, y)
  - **gi**: tiger, giant, finger (tricky — actually hard /ŋɡ/)
  - **ge**: gem, gentle, college, danger, change, garage (tricky — first g is hard)
  - **gy**: gym, energy

  ## Tricky Words
  - *garage*: first g is hard /ɡ/, second ge is soft /dʒ/
  - *finger*: gi is actually hard /ŋɡ/ despite the i — NOT soft g
  - These are noted in the word_db with phonetic annotations

  ## Validation Rule
  The letter (c or g) must appear before a triggering vowel (e, i, or y). G before a can be soft or hard — flagged for review.

  ## Common Pitfall
  Not all c/g before e/i/y are soft. *get, give, girl, gold* are hard G before e/i/o. The rule has many exceptions at the 2nd grade level.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 6 — After digraphs, builds on understanding that letter combinations matter.


entity_id: phonics_r_controlled
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.192887
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.192887
content:
  # R-Controlled Vowels (Bossy R)

  ## Core Rule
  When a vowel is followed by r, the r 'bosses' the vowel into a new blended sound. The vowel no longer says its normal short or long sound.

  ## AR — /ɑr/
  - star, car, farm, market, farmer
  - Clear /ɑ/ + r sound

  ## ER — /ɝː/
  - her, silver, better, winter (second syllable)
  - ER and IR and UR share the SAME sound in American English

  ## IR — /ɝː/
  - bird, mirror

  ## OR — /ɔr/ or /ɝː/
  - fork, work, corner, doctor (second syllable — reduced)
  - OR varies: fork has distinct /ɔr/, work has reduced /ɝː/

  ## UR — /ɝː/
  - nurse, purse, work, purr, turtle, purple

  ## Key Insight
  ER, IR, and UR are HOMOPHONES in American English — they all produce /ɝː/. This is a spelling distinction, not a sound distinction.

  ## Multi-Pattern Words
  - *winter*: short_i (W1 first syllable) + r_control_er (W7 second syllable)
  - *doctor*: short_o (W1 first syllable) + r_control_or (W7 second syllable)
  - *feather*: short_e + th digraph + er
  - *whether*: digraph_wh (W5) + homophone (W12) + r_control_er

  ## Week Placement
  Week 7 — After soft c/g, completing the vowel modification patterns.


entity_id: phonics_double_consonants
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.413928
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.413928
content:
  # Double Consonants

  ## Core Rule
  When a consonant is doubled within a word, it keeps the preceding vowel short. The double consonant acts like a wall that traps the short vowel sound.

  ## Effect by Double
  - **tt**: kitten, bitter, little, sitter, cotton → keeps preceding vowel short
  - **pp**: hopper → short o
  - **dd**: muddy, ladder, puddle → keeps preceding vowel short
  - **gg**: bigger, hugger → keeps preceding vowel short
  - **zz**: fizzle → short i
  - **mm**: summer → short u
  - **nn**: tunnel → short u

  ## Structural Pattern
  CVC(ee)V — vowel + double consonant + vowel
  The double consonant is always between two vowel sounds.

  ## Multi-Pattern Words
  - *kitten*: short_i (W1) / double_consonant (W13)
  - *summer*: double_consonant (W8) / multiple_meaning (W16)

  ## Common Pitfall
  Words with double consonants at the end of a word (e.g., *bigger, hugger*) also have suffix -er attached. The doubling is part of the base word rule, not the suffix. Teach separately.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 8 — After r-controlled, completes single-pattern vowel modification.


entity_id: phonics_prefixes
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.633165
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.633165
content:
  # Prefixes

  ## Core Rule
  A prefix is added to the BEGINNING of a base word and changes its meaning. The base word keeps its original spelling and pronunciation.

  ## UN- — 'not' or 'reverse'
  - undo, unlock, untie, unsnap, unfold, unzip
  - unhappy, unpack, unknown, unsafe
  - Sound: /ʌn/

  ## RE- — 'again' or 'back'
  - remake, redo, return, restart, rename, reload, reopen, remove
  - Sound: /riː/ or /rə/ (schwa in some words)

  ## DIS- — 'not' or 'opposite'
  - disagree, disappear, disconnect, dislike, dismay, dishonest, discover
  - Sound: /dɪs/

  ## Other Prefixes (advanced)
  - **im-**: impossible (before b, m, p)
  - **in-**: invisible (before most other letters)
  - **mis-**: mislead (wrong)

  ## Teaching Tip
  Always identify the base word first, then add the prefix. un + happy = unhappy. The meaning shifts predictably.

  ## Common Generator Bug
  Comparatives ending in -er are NOT prefixes. *faster* = *fast + er* (suffix), not a prefix. Distinguish by position: prefixes go at the START.

  ## Pattern Normalization
  Generator labels like 'prefix re + turn' normalize to 'prefix_re' in the audit system.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 9 — First morphological pattern. Shifts from phonics to meaning.


entity_id: phonics_suffixes
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.853743
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:03.853743
content:
  # Suffixes

  ## Core Rule
  A suffix is added to the END of a base word and changes its form or meaning. Base word spelling may change (drop e, double consonant) when adding suffixes.

  ## -S / -ES — Plural and 3rd person singular
  - **s** (/s/): jumps, kicks (after voiceless sounds)
  - **es** (/əz/ or /ɪz/): boxes, wishes, brushes, watches, dances
  - Add -es after: s, z, x, ch, sh endings

  ## -ED — Past tense (3 pronunciations)
  - **/t/**: walked, jumped, cooked, helped, painted (after voiceless sounds)
  - **/d/**: played, called, rained (after voiced sounds)
  - **/ɪd/**: wanted, needed (after t or d — adds a syllable)

  ## -ING — Present participle
  - jumping, running, walking, playing, singing, swimming, teaching
  - Sound: /ɪŋ/
  - Drop e before -ing: make → making, but some keep it (see → seeing)

  ## -ER — Comparative / agent noun
  - taller, faster, smaller, bigger, braver, happier
  - helper, player (agent: one who helps/plays)
  - Sound: /ər/

  ## -EST — Superlative
  - bravest, strongest, tallest, fastest, smallest, biggest, happiest
  - Sound: /ɪst/

  ## -LY — Adverb
  - quickly, slowly, happily, carefully, softly
  - Sound: /li/

  ## -FUL — Full of
  - careful, helpful, playful, hopeful, useful, beautiful, grateful
  - Sound: /fəl/
  - Drop e before -ful: hope → hopeful

  ## -LESS — Without
  - careless, helpless, fearless, harmless, endless, homeless
  - Sound: /lɪs/

  ## -OUS — Having the quality of
  - enormous, famous, nervous
  - Sound: /əs/

  ## -IOUS
  - delicious, mysterious, furious, cautious
  - Sound: /ɪəs/ or /ʃəs/ (varies)

  ## -ABLE / -IBLE — Capable of
  - valuable, terrible, fragile
  - Sound: /əbəl/ or /ɪbəl/

  ## -NESS — State or quality
  - darkness (dark + ness)
  - Sound: /nəs/

  ## -MENT — Action or result
  - (documented in pattern codes, examples in word_db)

  ## -Y — Small or full of
  - tiny (tin + y)

  ## Spelling Changes with Suffixes
  1. **Drop silent e**: hope → hopeful, make → making
  2. **Double final consonant**: run → running, big → bigger (CVC pattern)
  3. **Change y to i**: happy → happier, happy → happily (after consonant+y)

  ## Week Placement
  Week 10 (-er, -est, -ly, -ful, -less), Week 11 (-es, -ed, -ing, -s)


entity_id: phonics_homophones
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.072307
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.072307
content:
  # Homophones

  ## Core Rule
  Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings. They cannot be validated structurally — they require context understanding.

  ## Homophone Pairs in Word DB
  - **there / they're / their** — place / contraction / possessive
  - **here / hear** — place / sense of hearing
  - **to / too / two** — preposition / also / number
  - **blue / blew** — color / past of blow
  - **write / right / rite** — compose / correct / ritual
  - **sea / see** — ocean / vision
  - **flour / flower** — baking ingredient / plant
  - **mail / male** — postal service / gender
  - **weather / whether** — climate / choice
  - **night / knight** — dark time / medieval warrior
  - **sun / son** — star / child
  - **bear / bare** — animal / naked
  - **hair / hare** — head covering / rabbit

  ## Structural Detection
  Week 12 uses (word, definition, example) format — no pattern field. Scanner detects homophone weeks by:
  1. Topic label containing 'homophone' (case-insensitive)
  2. Second field is multi-word string (>3 words, no / separator)
  3. Second field doesn't match any pattern indicator

  ## Multi-Pattern Homophone Words
  - *whether*: digraph_wh (W5) + homophone with weather (W12)
  - *flower*: long_o_ow (W4) + homophone with flour (W12)

  ## Week Placement
  Week 12 — Requires solid phonics foundation to appreciate why same-sound words differ.


entity_id: phonics_irregular
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.292256
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.292256
content:
  # Irregular Words

  ## Core Rule
  Irregular words DO NOT follow standard phonetic patterns. They must be memorized as sight words or explained with etymology.

  ## Documented Irregulars
  - **said**: ai → /ɛ/ (defies 'ai = long a' rule)
  - **friend**: ie → /ɛ/ (defies 'ie' vowel team expectations)
  - **people**: pe → /iː/ or /pʃ/ (irregular plural formation)
  - **enough**: ough → /ʌf/ (defies 'ough' rule)
  - **through**: ough → /uː/ (different ough pronunciation)
  - **because**: eau → /ɪkəz/ (defies all vowel rules)
  - **children**: ch→/tʃ/ + il→/ɪ/ (irregular plural)
  - **afraid**: ai → /ə/ or /eɪ/ (silent f, irregular ai)
  - **honest**: o → /ɒ/ or /ɑ/ (silent h)
  - **ancient**: a → /eɪ/ (irregular long a, not CVCe)
  - **rough**: ough → /ʌf/ (irregular ough)

  ## OUGH — The Worst Offender
  - *through* → /uː/
  - *enough* → /ʌf/
  - *rough* → /ʌf/
  - *cough* → /ɒf/ (not in DB but known)
  - *though* → /oʊ/ (not in DB but known)
  - OUGH has 7+ pronunciations in English

  ## I Before E Rule
  - **Standard**: believe (ie → /iː/)
  - **Exception after c**: receive (ei → /iː/)

  ## Validation
  Irregular words cannot be structurally validated. The validator always returns True with a [REVIEW] flag — they must be checked against the word database.

  ## Week Placement
  Scattered throughout — introduced when students encounter them.


entity_id: phonics_multiple_meaning
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.510978
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.510978
content:
  # Multiple Meaning Words

  ## Core Rule
  Words that have two or more distinct, unrelated meanings. The spelling and pronunciation are identical, but context determines the meaning.

  ## Documented Examples
  - **present**: a gift / to show or demonstrate
  - **falcon**: a bird of prey / a fast aircraft (F-16)
  - **spring**: a season / a coiled piece of metal
  - **cricket**: a small insect / a sport
  - **record**: a written account / a music disc
  - **summer**: season / summer Olympics
  - **rocket**: spacecraft / rocket science
  - **basket**: container / basketball
  - **mirror**: reflection / mirror image
  - **garden**: plants / garden party
  - **fountain**: water feature / soda fountain
  - **mountain**: landform / mountain of work (metaphor)

  ## Teaching Tip
  Have students write sentences using each meaning. Draw pictures showing both meanings.

  ## Multi-Pattern Registration
  Multiple meaning words from earlier weeks are registered in _MULTI_PATTERN_WORDS with both their phonics pattern AND multiple_meaning.

  ## Week Placement
  Week 16 — Requires vocabulary depth to appreciate multiple meanings.


entity_id: phonics_progression
type: phonics/curriculum
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: true
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.732363
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:09:04.732363
content:
  # Phonics Pattern Progression

  ## 32-Week Curriculum Arc

  ### Phase 1: Foundation (Weeks 1-6)
  Basic phonetic patterns — students learn to decode.
  1. **W1**: Short vowels + multi-syllable words
  2. **W2**: Silent E (CVCe)
  3. **W3**: Vowel teams (ai, ay, ee, ea)
  4. **W4**: Vowel teams (oa, ow, ou, ew)
  5. **W5**: Consonant digraphs (sh, ch, th, wh, ph, ck)
  6. **W6**: Soft C and Soft G

  ### Phase 2: Advanced Patterns (Weeks 7-12)
  Building complexity — modifications and exceptions.
  7. **W7**: R-controlled vowels (ar, er, ir, or, ur)
  8. **W8**: Double consonants
  9. **W9**: Prefixes (un-, re-, dis-)
  10. **W10**: Suffixes (-er, -est, -ly, -ful, -less)
  11. **W11**: Suffixes (-es, -ed, -ing, -s)
  12. **W12**: Homophones

  ### Phase 3: Vocabulary & Morphology (Weeks 13-18)
  Word relationships and meaning.
  13-18: Synonyms, antonyms, multiple meaning, context clues, word families, roots

  ### Phase 4: Grammar Focus (Weeks 19-24)
  Writing conventions, punctuation, parts of speech

  ### Phase 5: Mastery (Weeks 25-32)
  Mixed review, speed drills, comprehensive application

  ## Progression Logic
  Each week builds on previous patterns. A word from W1 can reappear in W7 with a different teaching focus (e.g., *winter* = short_i in W1, r_control_er in W7). This spiral approach reinforces earlier patterns while teaching new ones.

  ## Skill Dependency Graph
  short_vowels → silent_e → vowel_teams → digraphs → soft_cg → r_controlled
  r_controlled → double_consonants → prefixes → suffixes
  prefixes + suffixes → homophones → multiple_meaning
  irregular (parallel, introduced as encountered)


entity_id: phonics_cvc_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/short_vowels
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:07.819351
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:07.819351
content:
  # CVC Short Vowels

  ## Pattern
  Consonant-Vowel-Consonant. The vowel is trapped between consonants, producing the short sound.

  ## Examples
  - **Short A (/æ/)**: cat, bat, mat, hat, sat, pan, fan, man
  - **Short E (/ɛ/)**: bed, red, fed, met, pen, ten, hen
  - **Short I (/ɪ/)**: sit, hit, pit, fit, win, pin, tin
  - **Short O (/ɒ/)**: hot, dot, pot, cot, box, fox, fox
  - **Short U (/ʌ/)**: bus, cut, mut, rug, mug, hug

  ## Teaching Strategy
  1. Start with CVC isolation — clap syllables
  2. Sound boxes: separate each phoneme visually
  3. Word families: -at, -et, -it, -on, -ug

  ## Common Error
  Students confuse short a (/æ/) with short e (/ɛ/) — both are open front vowels.


entity_id: phonics_cvcc_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/short_vels
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.044543
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.044543
content:
  # CVCC Short Vowels

  ## Pattern
  Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Consonant. The vowel is followed by two consonants (ending blend), keeping it short.

  ## Examples
  - **Short A**: black, crack, flash, splash, crash
  - **Short E**: desk, stick, neck, trick, chest
  - **Short I**: sick, tick, brick, flick, switch
  - **Short O**: clock, flock, lock, stock, track
  - **Short U**: stuck, duck, truck, luck, plug

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Emphasize the 'wall' of consonants trapping the vowel. Use hand signals — walls closing.

  ## Common Error
  Students try to make the vowel long when they see two consonants at the end.


entity_id: phonics_vccv_splitting
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/short_vowels
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.262777
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.262777
content:
  # VCCV Syllable Splitting

  ## Pattern
  Vowel-Consonant-Vowel-Consonant. Critical decision point: split after first consonant (Va-cV) or second (VAC-v).

  ## Rule
  - **VCCV → V-CV** (open-first): le-mon, o-cean, ti-ger
  - When first syllable is open, the vowel is LONG
  - When first syllable is closed, the vowel is SHORT

  ## Examples (V-CV split)
  - le-mon (le-mon, not lem-on)
  - ti-ger (ti-ger, not tig-er)
  - o-cean (o-cean, not oc-ean)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Have students say the word both ways and choose which sounds right. This builds phonemic awareness for syllable division.

  ## Common Error
  Students consistently split VCCV words as VCC-V instead of V-CV.


entity_id: phonics_long_a_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/silent_e
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.483767
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.483767
content:
  # CVCe - Long A (a_e)

  ## Pattern
  Short a becomes long A (/eɪ/) when followed by consonant + silent e.

  ## Examples
  - cake, bake, make, take, lake, rake
  - date, gate, late, fate, mate, plate
  - table, name, game, same, came

  ## Rules
  - The 'e' at the end is never pronounced
  - Only ONE consonant between vowel and e
  - If two consonants (e.g., 'aste' in 'waste'), pattern still works

  ## Exceptions
  - **have**: a_e but short a (/hæv/)
  - **give**: i_e but short i (/ɡɪv/)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'The silent e reaches back over one consonant to change the vowel.' Use finger to trace the path.


entity_id: phonics_long_i_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/silent_e
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.706017
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.706017
content:
  # CVCe - Long I (i_e)

  ## Pattern
  Short i becomes long I (/aɪ/) when followed by consonant + silent e.

  ## Examples
  - like, bike, hike, hike, nine, fine
  - time, mine, line, dine, shine
  - invite, polite, polite (compound patterns)

  ## Rules
  - Only ONE consonant between i and e
  - Works with most consonants

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Compare pairs: bit/bite, sit/site, fin/fine. Emphasize the dramatic sound change.


entity_id: phonics_long_o_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/silent_e
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.925998
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:08.925998
content:
  # CVCe - Long O (o_e)

  ## Pattern
  Short o becomes long O (/oʊ/) when followed by consonant + silent e.

  ## Examples
  - rope, hope, cope, nope, home, come
  - bone, cone, tone, done, gone, lone
  - behave, debate, create, devote (from curriculum)

  ## Exceptions
  - **come**: o_e but short u sound (/kʌm/)
  - **done**: o_e but short u sound (/dʌn/)
  - **gone**: o_e but short u sound (/ɡɒn/)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Sound comparison: hop/hope, cot/cote. Note the 'come' family as special exceptions to memorize.


entity_id: phonics_long_u_pattern
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/silent_e
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.146286
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.146286
content:
  # CVCe - Long U (u_e)

  ## Pattern
  Short u becomes long U when followed by consonant + silent e. Has TWO possible pronunciations.

  ## Long U (/juː/) — 'yoo' sound
  - cube, tune, use, cute, muse, tube

  ## Long U (/uː/) — 'oo' sound
  - glue, blue, true, suite, clue

  ## Rule of Thumb
  - Before l: usually /uː/ (blue, glue, clue)
  - Before s: can be either (use=/juː/, suite=/uː/)
  - Otherwise: usually /juː/

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Teach the /juː/ sound first as primary. Introduce /uː/ as the 'blue family' exception.

  ## Common Error
  Students inconsistently apply the two u_e sounds. Drill the 'blue family' as a memorization group.


entity_id: phonics_ai_ay
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.365341
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.365341
content:
  # AI / AY — Long A (/eɪ/)

  ## Pattern
  Two spellings for long A sound using vowel teams.

  ## AI — Middle of words/syllables
  - rain, train, brain, main, pain, plain
  - mail, sail, tail, rail, snail
  - mailbox, railroad, rainbow, rainfall (curriculum words)

  ## AY — End of words/syllables
  - day, play, stay, way, may, say
  - gray, clay, spray, sway

  ## Rule
  - AI goes in the middle of words
  - AY goes at the end of words
  - Both make the same /eɪ/ sound

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Word sort activity: separate AI words from AY words. Emphasize positional rule.

  ## Common Error
  Students randomly choose ai or oy regardless of position.


entity_id: phonics_ee_ea
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.584540
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.584540
content:
  # EE / EA — Long E (/iː/)

  ## Pattern
  Two spellings for long E sound.

  ## EE
  - tree, bee, see, bee, feet, green, sweet, sheep
  - sweater, teacher (from curriculum — note 'ea' in teacher)

  ## EA
  - read, beach, teach, each, peace, clean, bread
  - **Note**: EA can also make short E in 'bread', 'head', 'said' — these are exceptions

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Start with EE as the more consistent pattern. Introduce EA with its exceptions clearly marked.

  ## Common Error
  Students assume all EA spellings make /iː/. Must explicitly teach bread/head exceptions.


entity_id: phonics_oa
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.803234
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:09.803234
content:
  # OA — Long O (/oʊ/)

  ## Pattern
  OA always makes long O. One of the most consistent vowel teams.

  ## Examples
  - boat, coat, road, goat, toast, coast
  - boatyard, oatmeal, sailboat (curriculum words)
  - ocean, ocean, soap, float

  ## Positional Rule
  - OA appears in the middle of words almost exclusively
  - Very rare at end of words

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'OA is the reliable one — it always does long O.' Contrast with OW which has multiple sounds.


entity_id: phonics_ow
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.023885
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.023885
content:
  # OW — Two Sounds (/aʊ/ vs /oʊ/)

  ## Pattern
  OW is inconsistent — it makes TWO different sounds depending on position.

  ## OW as /aʊ/ (cow sound) — End of words
  - cow, now, how, bow, low, owl
  - snowy, slowly (multi-syllable)

  ## OW as /oʊ/ (long O) — Middle of words
  - window, snowman, rainbow, snowball
  - bowl, yellow, towel, arrow

  ## Positional Rule
  - OW at word end → /aʊ/ (cow)
  - OW in word middle → /oʊ/ (long O)
  - Rare exceptions exist (e.g., 'stow')

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Word sort by position AND sound. Use color coding — red for 'cow sound', blue for 'long O'.

  ## Common Error
  Students apply only one ow sound to all instances. Must teach both sounds with positional rules.


entity_id: phonics_ou
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.242084
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.242084
content:
  # OU / OW — Short O Diphthong (/aʊ/)

  ## Pattern
  OU and OW both make the 'ow' diphthong sound (/aʊ/).

  ## OU — Middle of words
  - house, mouse, loud, sound, cloud, round
  - outdoor (curriculum word)

  ## OW — End of words (already covered above)
  - cow, how, now, bow

  ## Also: OU as /uː/ (boot sound)
  - soup, group, tough, rough, enough
  - These are EXCEPTIONS — OU usually makes /aʊ/

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Teach OU in middle = /aʊ/ as the primary pattern. Introduce soup/group as special cases.


entity_id: phonics_ew
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/vowel_teams
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.462299
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.462299
content:
  # EW — Two Sounds (/uː/ vs /oʊ/)

  ## Pattern
  EW makes two sounds, position-dependent.

  ## EW as /uː/ (boot sound) — End of words
  - few, new, true, flew, blew, grew, crew, drew

  ## EW as /oʊ/ (long O) — Middle of words
  - sweet, blew, sew, penny, penny

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Start with /uː/ at word end — this is the dominant pattern. Introduce /oʊ/ in compound words.


entity_id: phonics_sh_digraph
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/digraphs
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.681712
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.681712
content:
  # SH Digraph — /ʃ/

  ## Sound
  Voiceless postalveolar fricative. A 'shushing' sound.

  ## Examples
  - ship, fish, dish, wish, flash, crash
  - shelter, smooth (curriculum words)
  - shoe, shore, shell, shirt, short

  ## Positional Behavior
  - Beginning: ship, shoe, shore
  - Middle: fish, dish, flash
  - End: wish, brush, splash

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'Quiet finger to lips' gesture reinforces the /ʃ/ sound. Contrast with CH.

  ## Common Error
  Students substitute /s/ for /ʃ/ (saying 'sip' for 'ship').


entity_id: phonics_ch_digraph
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/digraphs
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.904120
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:10.904120
content:
  # CH Digraph — /tʃ/

  ## Sound
  Voiceless postalveolar affricate. A 'ch-ch-ch' explosive sound.

  ## Examples
  - chair, chat, chin, chip, chef, chief
  - stretch, teacher, blanket (curriculum words)
  - lunch, bench, catch, match, watch

  ## Alternative Sounds
  - /k/ in 'school', 'chemistry' (Greek origin)
  - /ʃ/ in 'machine', 'chef' (French origin)
  - These alternate sounds are NOT taught at 2nd grade level

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Emphasize the 'explosive' quality — it starts stopped, then releases. Contrast with SH.


entity_id: phonics_th_digraph
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/digraphs
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.126630
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.126630
content:
  # TH Digraph — Two Sounds

  ## Sound 1: Voiceless /θ/ (unvoiced TH)
  - thin, think, bath, math, path, thumb
  - mother, father, thunder (curriculum — 'th' in thunder)

  ## Sound 2: Voiced /ð/ (voiced TH)
  - the, this, that, they, with, breath
  - other, together, weather

  ## Rule of Thumb
  - TH at word beginning with pronouns/determiners → voiced (/ð/)
  - TH in content words → often voiceless (/θ/)
  - No reliable rule for 2nd graders — teach by ear

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Hand on throat — feel the vibration difference. Voiced TH vibrates, voiceless doesn't.

  ## Common Error
  Students substitute /s/ or /f/ for voiceless TH, or /z/ or /v/ for voiced TH.


entity_id: phonics_wh_digraph
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/digraphs
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.345710
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.345710
content:
  # WH Digraph — /w/ (and /h/)

  ## Primary Sound: /w/
  - what, when, where, which, white, whale
  - wheel, whisker, whisper, whoosh

  ## Exception: /h/ before 'u'
  - who, whole, whose, whisper (context-dependent)
  - At 2nd grade, focus on /w/ as primary

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Emphasize the 'h' is whispered — not silent, but breathy. This distinguishes WH from W.


entity_id: phonics_ph_digraph
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/digraphs
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.569057
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.569057
content:
  # PH Digraph — /f/

  ## Sound
  PH always makes /f/ sound (from Greek origin).

  ## Examples
  - phone, photo, elephant, dolphin
  - ship, phone, phone, phone
  - physics, philosophy (advanced — not 2nd grade)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'PH is Greek F' — connect to etymology as memory hook.

  ## Common Error
  Students try to pronounce P and H separately.


entity_id: phonics_ar
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/r_controlled
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.785210
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:11.785210
content:
  # AR — /ɑr/ (Bossy R)

  ## Sound
  AR makes the 'ar' sound — like the dentist's 'open wide' sound.

  ## Examples
  - market, park, dark, bark, shark, mark
  - farmer, farmer, farmer (curriculum word)
  - start, cart, hart, chart, mart

  ## Positional Behavior
  - Works in stressed and unstressed syllables
  - Very consistent — one of the most reliable r-controlled patterns

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Use the 'ah' dentist gesture. AR is the easiest r-controlled vowel for students.


entity_id: phonics_or
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/r_controlled
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.004852
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.004852
content:
  # OR — /ɔr/ (Bossy R)

  ## Sound
  OR makes the 'or' sound — like 'aw' with an R finish.

  ## Examples
  - doctor, corner, sorry, borrow, horror
  - fork, fork, storm, born, corn, horn, torn
  - orange, orange (curriculum word)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'OR sounds like AW with an R at the end.' Use the awed expression as a mnemonic.

  ## Common Error
  Students confuse OR with AR in some accents/dialects.


entity_id: phonics_er
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/r_controlled
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.223583
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.223583
content:
  # ER — /ɜr/ (Bossy R)

  ## Sound
  ER makes the schwa-r sound (/ɜr/) — a mid-central vowel with r-coloring.

  ## Examples
  - corner, farmer, silver, teacher, butter
  - her, fern, term, germ, learn, earn
  - corner, corner, corner (curriculum words)

  ## Key Insight
  - ER and IR and UR ALL make the SAME sound (/ɜr/)
  - This is the most confusing r-controlled pattern for students
  - Position doesn't determine the sound — all three merge

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Teach ER/IR/UR together as 'the triplets' — same sound, three spellings. Use word sorts.

  ## Common Error
  Students expect different sounds from different vowel+r combinations.


entity_id: phonics_ir
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/r_controlled
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.444461
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.444461
content:
  # IR — /ɜr/ (Bossy R)

  ## Sound
  IR makes the SAME sound as ER and UR (/ɜr/).

  ## Examples
  - purple, turtle, first, bird, word, world, hurt, stir
  - purple (curriculum word)
  - girl, whirl, third, fifth

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Group with ER/UR as 'the three R-controlled vowels that sound the same.'

  ## Spelling Challenge
  Students can hear the sound but can't choose between er/ir/ur for spelling. Requires explicit spelling instruction.


entity_id: phonics_ur
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/r_controlled
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.664003
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.664003
content:
  # UR — /ɜr/ (Bossy R)

  ## Sound
  UR makes the SAME sound as ER and IR (/ɜr/).

  ## Examples
  - purple, purse, fur, hurt, curl, swirl, turn
  - purple (curriculum word)
  - burn, churn, burst

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'UR is in the middle or end of words most often.' Group with ER/IR.


entity_id: phonics_double_t
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/double_consonants
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.883949
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:12.883949
content:
  # Double T — Trap Pattern

  ## Effect
  Double T keeps the preceding vowel short and creates a strong stop sound.

  ## Examples
  - butter, bitter, letter, better, setter, matter
  - butter, bitter (curriculum words)
  - mitten, kitten, button, cotton

  ## Spelling Rule
  - When adding -ing or -ed to words ending in T: stop → stopping, hit → hitting
  - The vowel MUST be short for doubling to occur

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Emphasize the 'double wall' — two consonants trapping the vowel. Connect to the short vowel concept.


entity_id: phonics_double_s
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/double_consonants
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.101197
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.101197
content:
  # Double S — Trap Pattern

  ## Effect
  Double S keeps the preceding vowel short with a hissing quality.

  ## Examples
  - fizzle, miss, kiss, miss, pass, grass, class
  - fizzle, summer (curriculum words)
  - boss, fuss, jazz, buzz (note: zz is also doubled)

  ## Spelling Rule
  - When adding -ing or -ed to words ending in S: hiss → hissing, pass → passing

  ## Teaching Strategy
  The 'snake hiss' gesture reinforces /s/. Double S = extra hiss.


entity_id: phonics_prefix_un
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/prefixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.321514
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.321514
content:
  # UN- Prefix — 'Not' or 'Reverse'

  ## Meaning
  UN- negates or reverses the base word.

  ## Negation
  - unhappy, unfair, unknown, unable, unseen, unsafe

  ## Reversal
  - undo, untie, unlock, unpack, unfold, unwrap

  ## Rule
  - UN- can be added to most adjectives and verbs
  - Base word spelling stays the same

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Have students identify the base word first, then add UN- and explain the new meaning.


entity_id: phonics_prefix_re
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/prefixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.540962
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.540962
content:
  # RE- Prefix — 'Again' or 'Back'

  ## Meaning
  RE- means to do something again or to move back.

  ## Again
  - redo, rewrite, remake, return, repeat, review

  ## Back
  - return, retreat, refund, reflect

  ## Rule
  - RE- doesn't change base word spelling
  - Pronunciation: /ri/ before vowels, /rɪ/ before consonants

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'Again' hand gesture — circle finger. 'RE means do it again.'


entity_id: phonics_prefix_dis
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/prefixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.761380
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.761380
content:
  # DIS- Prefix — 'Not' or 'Opposite'

  ## Meaning
  DIS- negates or indicates the opposite/removal.

  ## Negation
  - disagree, dishonest, disloyal, disable, disorder

  ## Removal/Opposite
  - disappear, disconnect, disconnect, dismiss, disassemble

  ## Rule
  - DIS- changes to MIS- before some words (misunderstand)
  - Before 'p', DIS- becomes mis- in some cases

  ## Teaching Strategy
  'DIS says NO' — negative hand wave. Connect to the concept of removal.


entity_id: phonics_suffix_ing
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/suffixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.979267
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:13.979267
content:
  # -ING Suffix — Continuous Action

  ## Effect
  Adds -ing to verbs to show ongoing action.

  ## Spelling Rules
  1. Most verbs: add -ing directly (play → playing)
  2. Drop silent e: make → making, take → taking
  3. Double final consonant (CVC): run → running, stop → stopping
  4. Change y to i only if preceded by consonant: study → studying (NO — keep y)

  ## Key Rule: CVC Doubling
  - One syllable, ends in CVC → double (run → running)
  - Multi-syllable, stress on last → double (begin → beginning)
  - Multi-syllable, stress NOT on last → NO double (open → opening)

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Decision tree: Is there a silent e? → drop it. Is it CVC? → double. Otherwise → add -ing.


entity_id: phonics_suffix_ed
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/suffixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.197653
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.197653
content:
  # -ED Suffix — Past Tense

  ## Effect
  Adds -ed to verbs to show past action.

  ## Pronunciation Rules
  1. /t/ sound: after voiceless sounds (walk → walked, jump → jumped)
  2. /d/ sound: after voiced sounds (play → played, call → called)
  3. /ɪd/ sound: after T or D (want → wanted, need → needed) — adds a syllable!

  ## Spelling Rules
  1. Most verbs: add -ed (walk → walked)
  2. Drop silent e: make → made, take → took (irregular exceptions)
  3. Double CVC: stop → stopped

  ## Teaching Strategy
  The /ɪd/ rule is crucial — it's the only suffix that adds a syllable. Practice the three sounds.


entity_id: phonics_suffix_er_est
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/suffixes
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.420125
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.420125
content:
  # -ER / -EST Suffixes — Comparisons

  ## -ER — Comparative
  - faster, bigger, happier, brighter, quicker

  ## -EST — Superlative
  - fastest, biggest, happiest, brightest, quickest

  ## Spelling Rules
  1. Most words: add -er/-est directly
  2. Drop silent e: large → larger, nice → nicer
  3. Change y to i + er: happy → happier, tiny → tiniest
  4. Double CVC: big → bigger, hot → hotter

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Introduce '-er = more, -est = most most.' Use physical comparisons with objects.

  ## Common Error
  Students add -er to already-comparative words (more better). Emphasize that -er replaces 'more'.


entity_id: phonics_sight_words
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.640194
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.640194
content:
  # High-Frequency Irregular Words

  ## What They Are
  Words that appear frequently but don't follow standard phonics patterns. Students must recognize them by sight.

  ## Core Sight Words (2nd Grade)
  - **said**: ai makes /ɛ/ (not long A)
  - **people**: irregular plural
  - **little**: irregular -ittle ending
  - **enough**: irregular ou+gh
  - **friend**: ie makes /ɛ/ (not long E)
  - **mother, father**: irregular -ther/-ther
  - **children**: irregular plural
  - **together**: complex irregular

  ## Teaching Strategy
  1. Don't teach as 'exceptions' — teach as their own patterns
  2. Use picture associations for memory hooks
  3. Practice in decodable contexts, not isolation

  ## Key Insight
  True sight words are a SMALL subset. Most 'sight words' can actually be decoded with advanced phonics.


entity_id: phonics_word_sorts
type: phonics/strategy
category: teaching
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.861159
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:14.861159
content:
  # Phonics Word Sort Activities

  ## Purpose
  Word sorts help students categorize words by spelling patterns, building pattern recognition.

  ## Activity Types
  1. **Two-column sort**: oi vs oy, ai vs ay, sh vs ch
  2. **Three-way sort**: er vs ir vs ur (same sound, different spelling)
  3. **Sound-based sort**: words with /ɜr/ regardless of spelling
  4. **Positional sort**: beginning/middle/end of word patterns

  ## Best Practices
  - Start with clear visual examples
  - Let students discover the pattern, don't just tell them
  - Use color coding for vowel teams
  - Print and laminate for reuse

  ## Curriculum Integration
  Word sorts appear on Tuesday lessons in the Phonics/Reading generator.


entity_id: phonics_decodable_text
type: phonics/strategy
category: teaching
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.081014
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.081014
content:
  # Decodable Text Strategy

  ## Purpose
  Students practice reading connected text using ONLY words that match their current phonics pattern + known sight words.

  ## Construction Rules
  1. 80%+ of words match the current week's phonics pattern
  2. Sight words fill the gaps (the, is, a, an, in, on, etc.)
  3. Sentence length: 5-10 words for early readers
  4. Context should be meaningful, not just word lists

  ## Curriculum Integration
  - Thursday: 3 short decodable stories with comprehension questions
  - Friday: 1 longer story with 5 comprehension questions

  ## Progression
  - Early weeks: 3-4 sentences, simple vocabulary
  - Later weeks: 6-8 sentences, connected paragraphs


entity_id: phonics_phoneme_manipulation
type: phonics/strategy
category: teaching
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.300487
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.300487
content:
  # Phoneme Manipulation

  ## Purpose
  Students demonstrate phonemic awareness by changing individual sounds in words.

  ## Activity Types
  1. **Blending**: /c/ /a/ /t/ → cat
  2. **Segmenting**: cat → /c/ /a/ /t/
  3. **Substitution**: cat → change /c/ to /b/ → bat
  4. **Deletion**: stop → remove /s/ → top
  5. **Addition**: at → add /b/ at beginning → bat

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Use physical manipulatives (blocks, chips) for early learners. Move to oral-only as skills develop.

  ## Connection to Reading
  Phoneme manipulation is the strongest predictor of reading success in early grades.


entity_id: phonics_homophone_groups
type: phonics/sub_pattern
category: phonics/homophones
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.520765
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:22:15.520765
content:
  # Homophone Pattern Groups

  ## Vowel-Based Homophones
  - sea/see: long E spellings (ea vs ee)
  - way/weigh: ay vs igh
  - buy/bye: uy vs y

  ## Consonant-Based Homophones
  - night/knight: silent k
  - sign/sine: silent g
  - write/right: silent w vs gh

  ## Teaching Strategy
  Teach homophones in pairs with pictures. Emphasize that SOUND is the same but MEANING and SPELLING differ.

  ## Connection to Phonics
  Homophones reveal the inconsistency of English spelling — same sound, multiple patterns.


entity_id: vowel_short_a
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:39.996253
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:39.996253
content:
  Short A — /ă/ as in 'at', 'cat', 'hat'. The vowel makes its quickest, flattest sound. Teaching trick: 'Short a says /a/ like in apple!' Examples: at, bag, fan, hat, jam, log, man, pan, rat, sat, tag, van.


entity_id: vowel_short_e
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.240761
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.240761
content:
  Short E — /ĕ/ as in 'eggs', 'fence'. Teaching trick: 'Short e says /e/ like in eggs!' Examples: bed, bell, end, fern, fence, gem, hen, jet, leg, met, pen, ten.


entity_id: vowel_short_i
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.467039
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.467039
content:
  Short I — /ĭ/ as in 'ink', 'pint'. Teaching trick: 'Short i says /i/ like in igan (like Michigan)!' Examples: big, bit, dip, fit, gin, hip, ink, kin, lip, mix, pin, rim.


entity_id: vowel_short_o
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.691684
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.691684
content:
  Short O — /ŏ/ as in 'on', 'pots'. Teaching trick: 'Short o says /o/ like in octopus!' Examples: cod, cod, fog, hop, hot, job, log, mud, not, pot, rod, sod.


entity_id: vowel_short_u
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.916495
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:40.916495
content:
  Short U — /ŭ/ as in 'up', 'cups'. Teaching trick: 'Short u says /u/ like in umbrella!' Examples: bud, bug, bun, cup, cut, dug, fun, gum, hut, jug, mug, nut, pup, rut, sun.


entity_id: vowel_silent_e_long_a
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.140069
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.140069
content:
  Silent E makes short A say its name: /ā/. Pattern: CVCe. Examples: create, strange, cave, plate, mate, rate, safe, wave. Teaching trick: 'The e is silent but it tells the vowel to say its name!'


entity_id: vowel_silent_e_long_e
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.363581
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.363581
content:
  Silent E makes short E say its name: /ē/. Pattern: CVCe. Examples: behave, relieve, piece, these. Teaching trick: 'E says its name when a silent e visits!'


entity_id: vowel_silent_e_long_i
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.586402
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.586402
content:
  Silent E makes short I say its name: /ī/. Pattern: CVCe. Examples: invite, divide, polite, noise, voice. Teaching trick: 'I says its name when a silent e visits!'


entity_id: vowel_silent_e_long_o
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.809978
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:41.809978
content:
  Silent E makes short O say its name: /ō/. Pattern: CVCe. Examples: remote, devote, remote, devote, remote. Teaching trick: 'O says its name when a silent e visits!'


entity_id: vowel_silent_e_long_u
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.035810
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.035810
content:
  Silent E makes short U say its name: /ū/. Pattern: CVCe. Examples: rescue, behave. Teaching trick: 'U says its name when a silent e visits!'


entity_id: vowel_team_ai
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.263014
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.263014
content:
  Vowel Team AI — makes long A /ā/ sound. Usually in the middle of words. Examples: rail, train, rain, rain, railroad, rainbow, train, wait, paint. Rule: 'AI says long A and usually stays in the middle of words.'


entity_id: vowel_team_ay
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.484969
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.484969
content:
  Vowel Team AY — makes long A /ā/ sound. Usually at the end of words. Examples: day, play, spray, clay, tray, gray, stay, way. Rule: 'AY says long A and usually sits at the end of words.'


entity_id: vowel_team_ee
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.709250
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.709250
content:
  Vowel Team EE — makes long E /ē/ sound. Examples: tree, free, bee, tree, free, see, bee, tree, freeze, green, sweep. Rule: 'EE says long E — two e's together make one long e sound.'


entity_id: vowel_team_ea
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.932071
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:42.932071
content:
  Vowel Team EA — makes long E /ē/ sound (same as EE). Examples: eat, team, tea, meal, read, beach, teacher, each, peace. Rule: 'EA says long E — just like EE!'


entity_id: vowel_team_oa
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.162440
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.162440
content:
  Vowel Team OA — makes long O /ō/ sound. Examples: boat, coat, load, road, toadstool, sailboat, goat, float, toast. Rule: 'OA says long O — like in boat and road.'


entity_id: vowel_team_ow_long
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.386610
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.386610
content:
  Vowel Team OW — can make long O /ō/ (like 'snow') OR owl /ow/ sound (like 'cow'). Long O examples: snow, slow, grow, snowball, glow. Owl sound examples: cow, how, now, town, brown, flower, shout. Rule: 'OW can say long O or the owl sound — context tells you which!'


entity_id: vowel_team_ou
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.611292
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.611292
content:
  Vowel Team OU — makes an ou/ow sound. Examples: out, found, loud, shout, cloud, around, mouth, house, south. Rule: 'OU makes a sound that starts with o and ends with u — ou!'


entity_id: vowel_team_ew
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.834821
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:43.834821
content:
  Vowel Team EW — can make long U /oo/ sound (like 'new') OR /oh/ sound (like 'chew'). Long U examples: new, few, flew, blew, grew, stew. Oh sound examples: chew, blew, sew, threw. Rule: 'EW usually says /oo/ like in new!'


entity_id: digraph_sh
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.060882
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.060882
content:
  Digraph SH — two letters, one sound: /sh/. The quieting sound — 'shhh!' Examples: ship, shoe, shine, shell, sheep, shed, fish, dish, push, wish, shelter, wish, brush. Rule: 'SH says /sh/ — two letters, one sound! Put a finger to your lips — shhh!'


entity_id: digraph_ch
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.281472
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.281472
content:
  Digraph CH — two letters, one sound: /ch/. Examples: chip, chin, chef, chef, chat, chop, chef, chef, chef, chef. Examples: chef, chef, chef, chef, chef. Rule: 'CH says /ch/ — like a train: ch-ch-ch-ch!'


entity_id: digraph_th
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.506744
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.506744
content:
  Digraph TH — two letters, one sound: /th/. Put your tongue between your teeth! Examples: the, this, that, them, they, them, them, them. Voiceless (thin, thigh): /th/ without voice. Voiced (the, this): /th/ with voice. Rule: 'TH says /th/ — tongue between teeth!'


entity_id: digraph_wh
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.729382
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.729382
content:
  Digraph WH — two letters, one sound: /hw/. A breathy h followed by w. Examples: what, when, where, why, who, whale, wheel, white, whale, whale. Rule: 'WH says /hw/ — a whistling h sound!'


entity_id: digraph_ph
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.952121
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:44.952121
content:
  Digraph PH — two letters, makes the /f/ sound. Greek origin. Examples: phone, photo, ship, phone, dolphin, elephant, physics, phone, phone. Rule: 'PH says /f/ — a Greek letter pair that sounds like f!'


entity_id: digraph_ck
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.174600
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.174600
content:
  Digraph CK — two letters, makes the /k/ sound. Usually after a short vowel at the end of words or syllables. Examples: kick, sick, rock, duck, neck, sock, back, pack, check, click, lock, black. Rule: 'CK says /k/ — after a short vowel, at the end of a word!'


entity_id: r_controlled_ar
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.401864
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.401864
content:
  R-Controlled AR — /ar/ sound. The r changes the a sound completely. Examples: market, farmer, car, jar, star, bark, dark, park, farm, arm, hart, tart. Rule: 'AR says /ar/ — like saying ar at the doctor!'


entity_id: r_controlled_er
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.623861
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.623861
content:
  R-Controlled ER — /er/ sound. The r changes the e sound. Examples: silver, winter, better, feather, her, fern, term, germ, herd, term, worm. Rule: 'ER says /er/ — a squishy middle sound!'


entity_id: r_controlled_ir
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.849150
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:45.849150
content:
  R-Controlled IR — /er/ sound. Same as ER! The r changes the i sound to the same squishy /er/. Examples: mirror, stir, girl, bird, first, third, shirt, skirt, dirt, hurt, swirl, twirl. Rule: 'IR says /er/ — same sound as ER!'


entity_id: r_controlled_or
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.072429
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.072429
content:
  R-Controlled OR — /or/ sound. The r changes the o sound. Examples: doctor, corner, fort, sort, sport, horse, storm, horn, born, torn, worn, fork. Rule: 'OR says /or/ — like a horse saying or!'


entity_id: r_controlled_ur
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.297840
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.297840
content:
  R-Controlled UR — /er/ sound. Same as ER and IR! The r changes the u sound to the same squishy /er/. Examples: purple, turtle, fur, hurt, turn, burn, nurse, purse, curl, swirl, purr, churn. Rule: 'UR says /er/ — same sound as ER and IR! Three patterns, one sound!'


entity_id: soft_c_rule
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.522624
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.522624
content:
  Soft C Rule — C makes /s/ sound (instead of /k/) when followed by E, I, or Y. Examples: circle (/s/), notice (/s/), decide (/s/), city, cycle, face, ice, fancy, voice, cycle. Hard C = /k/: cat, can, coat, cut, clock, crack, back. Rule: 'C is soft (says /s/) before E, I, Y. C is hard (says /k/) before A, O, U.' Mnemonic: 'C is soft before E, I, Y — all the other times, C says /k/!'


entity_id: soft_g_rule
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.748524
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.748524
content:
  Soft G Rule — G makes /j/ sound (instead of /g/) when followed by E, I, or Y. Examples: gentle (/j/), finger (/j/), danger (/j/), gem, giant, gym, huge, age, large, change. Hard G = /g/: go, got, gun, dog, bag, log, leg, big. Rule: 'G is soft (says /j/) before E, I, Y. G is hard (says /g/) before A, O, U.' Note: More exceptions than soft C — game, guest are hard G before E.


entity_id: double_consonant_t
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.974729
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:46.974729
content:
  Double T (TT) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: butter, bitter, cotton, kitten, butter, better, lettuce, mattress, puddle. Rule: 'TT keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_p
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.200518
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.200518
content:
  Double P (PP) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: hopper, apple, happen, pepper, supper, puppy, happy, hippo, puppet. Rule: 'PP keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_z
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.426239
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.426239
content:
  Double Z (ZZ) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: puzzle, dizzy, buzz, jazz, fuzz, fizz, buzz, dazzle, puzzle, sizzle. Rule: 'ZZ keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_m
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.654232
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.654232
content:
  Double M (MM) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: hammer, hammer, hammer, summer, hammer, hammer. Examples: hammer, summer, hammer, hammer, hammer. Rule: 'MM keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_n
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.879904
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:47.879904
content:
  Double N (NN) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: bunny, bunny, bunny, bunny, bunny, funny, bunny, sunny, bunny, bunny. Rule: 'NN keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_d
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.107105
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.107105
content:
  Double D (DD) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: add, added, adding, middle, ladder, puddle, paddle, odd, ladder, middle. Rule: 'DD keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: double_consonant_g
type: phonics/pattern
category: phonics
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.333691
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.333691
content:
  Double G (GG) — makes the vowel before it SHORT. Examples: egg, egg, egg, egg, egg, egg, egg, egg, egg. Rule: 'GG keeps the vowel short and snappy!'


entity_id: readcomp_literal_questions
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.564784
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.564784
content:
  Literal Comprehension Questions — ask about explicit facts stated directly in the text. Format: 'What/Where/Who/When' questions with answers found verbatim in the passage. Examples: 'What did they build near the fountain?', 'Where did they see a sailboat?', 'What was in the first exhibit at the museum?' Purpose: Verify the student actually read and understood the basic facts. Pattern: 3 questions per passage, each targeting a different sentence or fact.


entity_id: readcomp_inference_questions
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.790606
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:48.790606
content:
  Inference Comprehension Questions — require the student to read between the lines. The answer is implied but not directly stated. Examples: 'How does the character feel?', 'Why did they do that?', 'What will happen next?' Purpose: Develop higher-order thinking — students must combine text clues with prior knowledge.


entity_id: readcomp_paragraph_builder
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.020703
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.020703
content:
  Paragraph Builder Activity — guided writing using sentence starters. Structure: Topic sentence starter → Detail sentence starters → Closing sentence starter. Remember This! rule: Topic sentence, details, closing sentence. Example prompts: 'The circus was exciting because ___', 'My favorite part was ___', 'I will never forget ___'. Purpose: Teach paragraph structure — the foundation of organized writing.


entity_id: readcomp_word_swap
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.246537
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.246537
content:
  Word Swap Challenge — replace bold words in sentences with new vocabulary words. Structure: Original sentence with 2 bold words → student replaces each with a new word and writes a fresh sentence. Example: 'The [kitten] slept in the [basket].' → replace with 'animal' and 'garden'. Purpose: Build flexible sentence construction and vocabulary transfer.


entity_id: readcomp_spelling_map
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.474126
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.474126
content:
  Spelling Map Activity — chart that connects words to their vowel patterns. Structure: Table with columns: Word | Vowel Pattern | What It Means. First 2 rows filled in as examples, student completes the rest. Purpose: Metacognitive awareness — students identify the phonics pattern in each word.


entity_id: readcomp_word_detective
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.701102
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.701102
content:
  Word Detective Activity — find and fix intentionally misspelled words. Structure: List of words with one letter wrong (missing, swapped, or extra). Example: 'resc' → 'rescue', 'invote' → 'invite', 'behav' → 'behave'. Purpose: Develop spelling awareness and self-correction skills.


entity_id: readcomp_story_writing
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.929456
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:49.929456
content:
  Story Writing Activity — free creative writing using weekly vocabulary. Structure: 'Write a creative story using at least 5 spelling words from this week. Use complete sentences with capital letters and periods!' Format: Blue sky-fence-ground writing lines for handwriting practice. Purpose: Synthesize the week's vocabulary into connected, creative writing.


entity_id: readcomp_pattern_hunt
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.157101
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.157101
content:
  Pattern Hunt / Vowel Hunt Activity — check or circle the target vowel pattern in words. Structure: Words displayed with checkboxes. Target vowel letter highlighted in color (#FF7043). Words shown in colored boxes with check boxes. Purpose: Visual pattern recognition — train the eye to spot the phonics pattern.


entity_id: readcomp_builder_prompts
type: reading/activity
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.385162
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.385162
content:
  Builder Prompts — guided sentence writing with target vocabulary. Structure: Prompt sentence → target word student must include. Example: 'Write a sentence about an escape.' (target: 'escape'). Purpose: Scaffolded writing practice with vocabulary application.


entity_id: reading_comprehension
type: reading/domain
category: reading
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.612688
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  Reading Comprehension — collection of literacy activity structures used across all 18 weeks of 2nd grade ELA. Each week includes a reading passage with bold target vocabulary words, followed by comprehension questions and writing activities.


entity_id: grammar_progression
type: grammar/curriculum
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:50.841154
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  Grammar Progression — 18-week sequence of grammar concepts in 2nd grade ELA. Progression: Sentences → Verbs → Past Tense → Punctuation → Adjectives → Adverbs → Compound Sentences → Prefixes → Suffixes (tense/plural) → Suffixes (comparison) → Synonyms → Antonyms → Capitalization → Word Families → Advanced Suffixes. Each week's grammar builds on previous weeks.


entity_id: grammar_w01_sentences
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.066653
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.066653
content:
  Sentences — complete thoughts starting with capital letter, ending with punctuation. Period (.), question mark (?), exclamation point (!).


entity_id: grammar_w03_verbs
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.522062
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.522062
content:
  Verbs — action words that tell what someone or something is doing. Examples: runs, eats, reads, jump, climbed.


entity_id: grammar_w04_past_tense
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.751554
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.751554
content:
  Past Tense (-ed) — adding -ed to verbs to show the action is finished. Present: I run → Past: I jumped. Present: I climb → Past: I climbed.


entity_id: grammar_w05_punctuation_questions
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.977112
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:51.977112
content:
  Question Marks & Exclamation Points — question marks (?) end questions, exclamation points (!) show excitement or strong feelings.


entity_id: grammar_w06_adjectives
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.208097
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.208097
content:
  Adjectives — describing words that tell us more about nouns. Examples: gentle breeze, circular path, high ceiling.


entity_id: grammar_w07_adverbs
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.432238
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.432238
content:
  Adverbs (-ly) — tell us HOW something happens. Most end in -ly. Describe verbs, not nouns. Examples: moved slowly, worked quickly.


entity_id: grammar_w08_compound_sentences
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.661816
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.661816
content:
  Compound Sentences — join two complete ideas with comma + FANBOYS. FANBOYS = For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. Pattern: Complete sentence + , FANBOYS + Complete sentence.


entity_id: grammar_w09_prefixes
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.887725
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:52.887725
content:
  Prefixes — word parts added to the beginning that change meaning. UN- = not, RE- = again, DIS- = not/opposite.


entity_id: grammar_w10_suffixes_tense
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.116347
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.116347
content:
  Suffixes for Tense/Plural — -ed (past tense), -ing (present progressive), -s/-es (plural nouns, 3rd person singular verbs).


entity_id: grammar_w11_suffixes_comparative
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.342941
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.342941
content:
  Suffixes for Comparison/Degree — -er (comparative), -est (superlative), -ly (adverb), -ful (full of), -less (without).


entity_id: grammar_w14_synonyms
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.571082
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:53.571082
content:
  Synonyms — words with the same or very similar meanings. Using synonyms makes writing more interesting and precise.


entity_id: grammar_w16_capitalization
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.027586
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.027586
content:
  Capitalization Rules — capitalize first word of sentences, proper nouns, pronoun 'I', days of week, months, titles.


entity_id: grammar_w17_word_families
type: grammar/concept
category: grammar
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.252665
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.252665
content:
  Word Families — groups of words sharing the same root/base word. Add prefixes/suffixes to create family members. Example: help → helper, helpful, helpless.


entity_id: activity_vowel_sort
type: activity/type
category: activity
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.710059
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.710059
content:
  Vowel Sort Activity — sort words into categories by their vowel pattern. Structure: Category labels across the top (e.g., 'ai', 'ay', 'ee', 'ea'), student places words under the correct label. Format: Table or column layout. Purpose: Categorization practice — train pattern recognition and classification.


entity_id: activity_remember_this
type: activity/type
category: activity
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.940144
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:54.940144
content:
  Remember This! Box — teaching rule summary in a highlighted box. Structure: Colored box with rule statement and examples. Appears on each worksheet. Purpose: Quick reference — students can look back at the rule while completing activities.


entity_id: activity_writing_lines
type: activity/type
category: activity
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:55.169338
updated_at: 2026-05-26T23:29:55.169338
content:
  Writing Lines — blue sky-fence-ground handwriting practice lines. Structure: Three horizontal lines — sky line (top, dashed), fence line (middle, dashed), ground line (bottom, solid). Letters sit on the ground with ascenders reaching the sky. Purpose: Proper letter formation and handwriting development.


entity_id: ent_20260527T052859553099_ce056b45
type: curriculum_umbrella
category: curriculum/history
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "history_curriculum_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:28:59.553099
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## History Curriculum — 2nd Grade

  Comprehensive 32-week history and social studies curriculum for 2nd grade homeschooling.
  Covers: time/place foundations, American history, world geography, and historical thinking.

  ### Structure
  - **Phase 1 (FALL):** Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  - **Phase 2 (WINTER):** Early America (Weeks 9–16)
  - **Phase 3 (SPRING):** American Government & World Geography (Weeks 17–24)
  - **Phase 4 (YEAR-END):** Inventions, Famous People, & Civil Rights (Weeks 25–32)

  ### Pedagogical Approach
  - Age-appropriate historical concepts
  - Primary source introduction
  - Hands-on activities and projects
  - Assessment through creation and storytelling

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Home_School/2nd_Grade/History/32_week_course_plan.md


entity_id: ent_20260527T052859792732_288a81a8
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/history/phase-1
strength: strong
metadata: {"phase": 1, "weeks": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:28:59.792732
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## History Phase 1: FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)

  Weeks 1–8 — 8 weeks of 2nd grade history curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 1: What Is History?
  - Week 2: Timelines — Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
  - Week 3: Me and My Family
  - Week 4: My Neighborhood
  - Week 5: Community Helpers
  - Week 6: Rules and Why We Have Them
  - Week 7: Buying and Selling
  - Week 8: Maps and Directions


entity_id: ent_20260527T052900021927_55aa376d
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/history/phase-2
strength: strong
metadata: {"phase": 2, "weeks": [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.021927
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## History Phase 2: WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)

  Weeks 9–16 — 8 weeks of 2nd grade history curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 9: Native American Tribes
  - Week 10: Native American Life & Culture
  - Week 11: Early Explorers
  - Week 12: The First Colonists
  - Week 13: The Thirteen Colonies
  - Week 14: Colonial Daily Life
  - Week 15: The Road to Independence
  - Week 16: American Revolution Overview


entity_id: ent_20260527T052900245601_ad5aae3e
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/history/phase-3
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 3, "weeks": [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24], "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.245601
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.245601
content:
  ## History Phase 3: SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)

  Weeks 17–24 — 8 weeks of 2nd grade history curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 17: Founding Documents
  - Week 18: American Symbols
  - Week 19: Presidents and Leaders
  - Week 20: States and Regions
  - Week 21: Continents and Oceans
  - Week 22: Countries and Capitals
  - Week 23: Cultures and Traditions
  - Week 24: World Review — Mid-Year Check


entity_id: ent_20260527T052900474905_0466a93c
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/history/phase-4
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 4, "weeks": [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32], "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.474905
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.474905
content:
  ## History Phase 4: YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)

  Weeks 25–32 — 8 weeks of 2nd grade history curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 25: Inventions That Changed the World
  - Week 26: Famous People Throughout History
  - Week 27: The Underground Railroad
  - Week 28: Civil Rights Movement
  - Week 29: Holidays Around the World
  - Week 30: Primary Sources — How We Know History
  - Week 31: My History Project
  - Week 32: Year-End Review & Celebration


entity_id: ent_20260527T052900700013_76fa8931
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-1
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.700013
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.739055
content:
  ## Week 1: What Is History?

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Understanding that history is the study of the past

  ### Objectives
  Define "history" in own words; understand past/present/future

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Draw a picture of something that happened in the past

  ### Related Topics
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 1, "phase": 1, "topic": "What Is History?", "focus": "Understanding that history is the study of the past", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052900923351_d85c948f
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-2
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:00.923351
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.740276
content:
  ## Week 2: Timelines — Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Understanding sequences of events

  ### Objectives
  Place events in order; use timeline vocabulary

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Arrange 5 event cards in correct chronological order

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 2, "phase": 1, "topic": "Timelines \u2014 Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow", "focus": "Understanding sequences of events", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052901149693_45af0d02
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-3
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:01.149693
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.741092
content:
  ## Week 3: Me and My Family

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Understanding family structures and roles

  ### Objectives
  Describe own family; identify different family types

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Completed family tree with names and relationships

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 3, "phase": 1, "topic": "Me and My Family", "focus": "Understanding family structures and roles", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052901373160_8a9d8018
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-4
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:01.373160
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.741739
content:
  ## Week 4: My Neighborhood

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Understanding the community around us

  ### Objectives
  Identify places in own neighborhood; map basic directions

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Labeled neighborhood map with key locations

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - me-and-my-family
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 4, "phase": 1, "topic": "My Neighborhood", "focus": "Understanding the community around us", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052901596518_ce1b57e4
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-5
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:01.596518
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.742335
content:
  ## Week 5: Community Helpers

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Roles people play in a community

  ### Objectives
  Identify 10+ community helpers and their jobs

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Community helpers matching worksheet

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - me-and-my-family
  - my-neighborhood
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 5, "phase": 1, "topic": "Community Helpers", "focus": "Roles people play in a community", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052901821631_1c6f747f
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-6
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:01.821631
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.743107
content:
  ## Week 6: Rules and Why We Have Them

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Understanding laws, rules, and fairness

  ### Objectives
  Explain why rules exist; distinguish rules from laws

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Write/draw 3 rules and explain why each one matters

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - me-and-my-family
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 6, "phase": 1, "topic": "Rules and Why We Have Them", "focus": "Understanding laws, rules, and fairness", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052902046827_6d1566f5
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-7
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.046827
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.743721
content:
  ## Week 7: Buying and Selling

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Basic economics — needs vs. wants, money

  ### Objectives
  Distinguish needs from wants; understand money as a tool for trade

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Needs vs. wants classification worksheet

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - me-and-my-family
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 7, "phase": 1, "topic": "Buying and Selling", "focus": "Basic economics \u2014 needs vs. wants, money", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052902269358_9d77c933
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-8
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.269358
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.744303
content:
  ## Week 8: Maps and Directions

  **Phase:** FALL: Time, Place & Community Foundations (Weeks 1–8)
  **Focus:** Reading simple maps and compass directions

  ### Objectives
  Identify N/S/E/W; read a simple map with a legend

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Follow written directions on a map to find a "treasure"

  ### Related Topics
  - what-is-history
  - timelines-yesterday-today-tomorrow
  - me-and-my-family
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 8, "phase": 1, "topic": "Maps and Directions", "focus": "Reading simple maps and compass directions", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052902493815_8797a9a7
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-9
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.493815
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.493815
content:
  ## Week 9: Native American Tribes

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** First peoples of North America

  ### Objectives
  Identify that Native Americans lived here first; recognize diversity of tribes

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Identify 3 tribes and describe where they lived

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 9, "phase": 2, "topic": "Native American Tribes", "focus": "First peoples of North America", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052902719982_8ba458f8
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-10
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.719982
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.719982
content:
  ## Week 10: Native American Life & Culture

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** How different tribes lived

  ### Objectives
  Understand housing, food, clothing varied by region

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Draw and describe a Native American dwelling and explain why it suited their environment

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 10, "phase": 2, "topic": "Native American Life & Culture", "focus": "How different tribes lived", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052902945165_25f89ca8
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-11
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.945165
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:02.945165
content:
  ## Week 11: Early Explorers

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** First European explorers of North America

  ### Objectives
  Identify key explorers and their voyages

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Map with explorer routes labeled

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 11, "phase": 2, "topic": "Early Explorers", "focus": "First European explorers of North America", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052903172475_a45355e0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-12
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.172475
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.172475
content:
  ## Week 12: The First Colonists

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** Why people came to America

  ### Objectives
  Understand reasons for colonization (freedom, resources, land)

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Write/draw about one colony and describe daily life there

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - early-explorers
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 12, "phase": 2, "topic": "The First Colonists", "focus": "Why people came to America", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052903399567_f1b6fa09
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-13
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.399567
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.399567
content:
  ## Week 13: The Thirteen Colonies

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** Growth of colonial America

  ### Objectives
  Locate the 13 colonies; understand regions (New England, Middle, Southern)

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Label 13 colonies map; compare two colony regions

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - early-explorers
  - the-first-colonists
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 13, "phase": 2, "topic": "The Thirteen Colonies", "focus": "Growth of colonial America", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052903624412_153142ca
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-14
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.624412
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.624412
content:
  ## Week 14: Colonial Daily Life

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** What colonial children did

  ### Objectives
  Compare colonial childhood to modern childhood

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Venn diagram — colonial life vs. modern life

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - early-explorers
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies

metadata:
  {"week": 14, "phase": 2, "topic": "Colonial Daily Life", "focus": "What colonial children did", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052903846059_e487481d
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-15
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.846059
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:03.846059
content:
  ## Week 15: The Road to Independence

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** Why colonists wanted independence from England

  ### Objectives
  Understand unfair taxes and "no taxation without representation"

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Explain in own words why colonists wanted freedom from England

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - early-explorers
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies

metadata:
  {"week": 15, "phase": 2, "topic": "The Road to Independence", "focus": "Why colonists wanted independence from England", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052904068139_0d1abf92
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-16
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.068139
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.744878
content:
  ## Week 16: American Revolution Overview

  **Phase:** WINTER: American History Foundations (Weeks 9–16)
  **Focus:** Key events and people of the Revolution

  ### Objectives
  Identify the American Revolution as a war for independence

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Revolution event timeline (5 key events in order)

  ### Related Topics
  - my-neighborhood
  - community-helpers
  - rules-and-why-we-have-them
  - buying-and-selling
  - maps-and-directions
  - native-american-tribes
  - native-american-life-culture
  - early-explorers
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies

metadata:
  {"week": 16, "phase": 2, "topic": "American Revolution Overview", "focus": "Key events and people of the Revolution", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052904290616_44fb23a0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-17
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.290616
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.290616
content:
  ## Week 17: Founding Documents

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** Important papers that shaped America

  ### Objectives
  Identify the Declaration of Independence and Constitution

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Match document to its purpose

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 17, "phase": 3, "topic": "Founding Documents", "focus": "Important papers that shaped America", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052904513762_3225e3de
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-18
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.513762
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.513762
content:
  ## Week 18: American Symbols

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** Symbols that represent the United States

  ### Objectives
  Identify flag, eagle, Statue of Liberty, national anthem

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Identify 5 American symbols and explain what each means

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 18, "phase": 3, "topic": "American Symbols", "focus": "Symbols that represent the United States", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052904738167_24a5080a
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-19
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.738167
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.738167
content:
  ## Week 19: Presidents and Leaders

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** The role of the president; notable early presidents

  ### Objectives
  Understand the president's role; identify George Washington, Abraham Lincoln

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Write/draw about one president and why they were important

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 19, "phase": 3, "topic": "Presidents and Leaders", "focus": "The role of the president; notable early presidents", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052904964122_9ad9b62d
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-20
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.964122
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:04.964122
content:
  ## Week 20: States and Regions

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** The United States has 50 states in different regions

  ### Objectives
  Identify major regions; understand each state is different

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  U.S. map — label 10 states and their regions

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - presidents-and-leaders
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 20, "phase": 3, "topic": "States and Regions", "focus": "The United States has 50 states in different regions", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052905187036_bd85e0dc
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-21
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.187036
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.187036
content:
  ## Week 21: Continents and Oceans

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** The world has 7 continents and 5 oceans

  ### Objectives
  Name and locate continents and oceans

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Label world map with continents and oceans

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - presidents-and-leaders
  - states-and-regions
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 21, "phase": 3, "topic": "Continents and Oceans", "focus": "The world has 7 continents and 5 oceans", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052905409070_69a00ccb
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-22
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.409070
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.409070
content:
  ## Week 22: Countries and Capitals

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** Different countries around the world

  ### Objectives
  Identify major countries and their capitals

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Match countries to capitals (10 pairs)

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - presidents-and-leaders
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans

metadata:
  {"week": 22, "phase": 3, "topic": "Countries and Capitals", "focus": "Different countries around the world", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052905636200_a9f4ad4e
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-23
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.636200
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.636200
content:
  ## Week 23: Cultures and Traditions

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** Different ways people live around the world

  ### Objectives
  Understand that cultures have different food, clothing, holidays, music

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Describe a tradition from a culture different from their own

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - presidents-and-leaders
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans

metadata:
  {"week": 23, "phase": 3, "topic": "Cultures and Traditions", "focus": "Different ways people live around the world", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052905859960_77558c1b
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-24
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:05.859960
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.832123
content:
  ## Week 24: World Review — Mid-Year Check

  **Phase:** SPRING: Growing Nation & World Cultures (Weeks 17–24)
  **Focus:** Review and consolidate learning

  ### Objectives
  Demonstrate understanding of history, geography, and culture concepts

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Comprehensive review quiz covering Weeks 1–23

  ### Related Topics
  - the-first-colonists
  - the-thirteen-colonies
  - colonial-daily-life
  - the-road-to-independence
  - american-revolution-overview
  - founding-documents
  - american-symbols
  - presidents-and-leaders
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans

metadata:
  {"week": 24, "phase": 3, "topic": "World Review \u2014 Mid-Year Check", "focus": "Review and consolidate learning", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052906085954_e5c75c2c
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-25
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.085954
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.085954
content:
  ## Week 25: Inventions That Changed the World

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** How inventions shape history

  ### Objectives
  Identify major inventions and their impact

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Invention timeline with 5 inventions and what they changed

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 25, "phase": 4, "topic": "Inventions That Changed the World", "focus": "How inventions shape history", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052906310763_fbf5f32c
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-26
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.310763
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.836899
content:
  ## Week 26: Famous People Throughout History

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** People who made a difference

  ### Objectives
  Identify famous people from different time periods

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Pick one person and explain why they were important

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 26, "phase": 4, "topic": "Famous People Throughout History", "focus": "People who made a difference", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052906537434_b158ec3e
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-27
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.537434
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.840435
content:
  ## Week 27: The Underground Railroad

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** Harriet Tubman and the fight against slavery

  ### Objectives
  Understand slavery was wrong; how brave people helped others escape

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Explain the Underground Railroad in own words

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 27, "phase": 4, "topic": "The Underground Railroad", "focus": "Harriet Tubman and the fight against slavery", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052906764895_ceed4bb0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-28
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.764895
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.845369
content:
  ## Week 28: Civil Rights Movement

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** The fight for equal rights

  ### Objectives
  Understand that everyone deserves equal treatment

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Explain what civil rights means and name one civil rights leader

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - the-underground-railroad
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 28, "phase": 4, "topic": "Civil Rights Movement", "focus": "The fight for equal rights", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052906989751_4761b3d0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-29
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.989751
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:06.989751
content:
  ## Week 29: Holidays Around the World

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** How different cultures celebrate

  ### Objectives
  Compare holidays across cultures

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Holiday research presentation

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - the-underground-railroad
  - civil-rights-movement
  - raw/curriculum/history

metadata:
  {"week": 29, "phase": 4, "topic": "Holidays Around the World", "focus": "How different cultures celebrate", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052907214156_5ac2685d
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-30
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:07.214156
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:07.214156
content:
  ## Week 30: Primary Sources — How We Know History

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** Diaries, letters, photos as evidence of the past

  ### Objectives
  Understand that historians use evidence

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Identify and describe a primary source

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - the-underground-railroad
  - civil-rights-movement
  - holidays-around-the-world

metadata:
  {"week": 30, "phase": 4, "topic": "Primary Sources \u2014 How We Know History", "focus": "Diaries, letters, photos as evidence of the past", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052907438343_08934f88
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-31
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:07.438343
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:07.438343
content:
  ## Week 31: My History Project

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** Student-created history project

  ### Objectives
  Synthesize learning into a creative project

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Completed project with oral presentation

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - the-underground-railroad
  - civil-rights-movement
  - holidays-around-the-world

metadata:
  {"week": 31, "phase": 4, "topic": "My History Project", "focus": "Student-created history project", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T052907661488_2869d951
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/history/topic/week-32
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:29:07.661488
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.851522
content:
  ## Week 32: Year-End Review & Celebration

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Special Topics & Review (Weeks 25–32)
  **Focus:** Review all concepts learned this year

  ### Objectives
  Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of 2nd grade history

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Final comprehensive assessment covering all 4 phases

  ### Related Topics
  - states-and-regions
  - continents-and-oceans
  - countries-and-capitals
  - cultures-and-traditions
  - world-review-mid-year-check
  - inventions-that-changed-the-world
  - famous-people-throughout-history
  - the-underground-railroad
  - civil-rights-movement
  - holidays-around-the-world

metadata:
  {"week": 32, "phase": 4, "topic": "Year-End Review & Celebration", "focus": "Review all concepts learned this year", "source": "history_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055432750822_2db8586f
type: curriculum_umbrella
category: curriculum/science
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "science_curriculum_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:32.750822
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Science Curriculum — 2nd Grade

  Comprehensive 32-week science curriculum following NGSS standards.
  Hands-on investigations, observation skills, and simple experiments.
  Each week: learning objectives, activities, and assessment ideas.

  ### Structure
  - **Phase 1 (FALL):** Physical Science — Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1–10)
  - **Phase 2 (WINTER):** Life Science — Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11–20)
  - **Phase 3 (SPRING):** Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21–30)
  - **Phase 4 (YEAR-END):** Engineering and Review (Weeks 31–32)

  ### NGSS Standards
  - 2-PS1 (Matter and Its Properties)
  - 2-LS1 (Organisms and Their Environments)
  - 2-LS2 (Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics)
  - 2-ESS1 (Earth's Place in the Universe)
  - 2-ESS2 (Earth's Systems)
  - 2-ESS3 (Earth and Human Activity)
  - 2-ETS1 (Engineering Design)

  ### Pedagogical Approach
  - Science journaling and observation recording
  - Fair testing with controlled variables
  - Hands-on experiments and model building
  - Data collection and graphing
  - Integration with math (measuring, graphing) and literacy

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Home_School/2nd_Grade/Science/32_week_course_plan.md


entity_id: ent_20260527T055432992999_26d733b1
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/science/phase-1
strength: strong
metadata: {"phase": 1, "weeks": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:32.992999
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Science Phase 1: FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)

  Weeks 1–10 — 10 weeks of 2nd grade science curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 1: Introduction to Scientific Observation
  - Week 2: Properties of Materials
  - Week 3: Hard, Soft, Rough, Smooth
  - Week 4: Flexible vs. Rigid Materials
  - Week 5: Absorbent Materials
  - Week 6: Solids, Liquids, Gases Introduction
  - Week 7: Solids Deep Dive
  - Week 8: Liquids Deep Dive
  - Week 9: Gases and Air
  - Week 10: States of Matter Review & Testing


entity_id: ent_20260527T055433223726_592d5e36
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/science/phase-2
strength: strong
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.223726
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Science Phase 2: WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)

  Weeks 11–20 — 10 weeks of 2nd grade science curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 11: What Do Plants Need?
  - Week 12: Plant Growth Experiment Setup
  - Week 13: Observing Plant Growth
  - Week 14: More Plant Growth Observations
  - Week 15: Plant Parts and Functions
  - Week 16: Plant Needs Experiment Results
  - Week 17: Introduction to Habitats
  - Week 18: Land Habitats
  - Week 19: Water Habitats
  - Week 20: Ecosystems and Interdependence

metadata:
  {"phase": 2, "weeks": [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055433453349_ccd7a1f2
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/science/phase-3
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.453349
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.453349
content:
  ## Science Phase 3: SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)

  Weeks 21–30 — 10 weeks of 2nd grade science curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 21: Water on Earth
  - Week 22: The Water Cycle
  - Week 23: Weather vs. Climate
  - Week 24: Slow Changes to Earth
  - Week 25: More Erosion and Weathering
  - Week 26: Fast Changes to Earth
  - Week 27: Rocks and Soil
  - Week 28: Diversity of Plants
  - Week 29: Diversity of Animals
  - Week 30: Patterns in Nature

metadata:
  {"phase": 3, "weeks": [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30], "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055433684085_6611ab15
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/science/phase-4
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 4, "weeks": [31, 32], "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.684085
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.684085
content:
  ## Science Phase 4: YEAR-END: Engineering and Review (Weeks 31-32)

  Weeks 31–32 — 2 weeks of 2nd grade science curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 31: Engineering Design Challenge
  - Week 32: Year-End Science Review & Celebration


entity_id: ent_20260527T055433913307_c1aa2b4e
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-1
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:33.913307
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.858892
content:
  ## Science: Week 1 — Introduction to Scientific Observation

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Learning to observe carefully and record findings

  ### Objectives
  Ask questions, make predictions, record observations

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Completed observation journal entries

metadata:
  {"week": 1, "phase": 1, "topic": "Introduction to Scientific Observation", "focus": "Learning to observe carefully and record findings", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055434144811_828793cd
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-2
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:34.144811
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.864531
content:
  ## Science: Week 2 — Properties of Materials

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Classifying materials by observable properties

  ### Objectives
  Identify color, texture, hardness, flexibility, absorbency

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Material classification chart

metadata:
  {"week": 2, "phase": 1, "topic": "Properties of Materials", "focus": "Classifying materials by observable properties", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055434377125_806f600a
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-3
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:34.377125
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.869489
content:
  ## Science: Week 3 — Hard, Soft, Rough, Smooth

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Detailed examination of surface properties

  ### Objectives
  Compare and contrast material textures

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Property comparison worksheet

metadata:
  {"week": 3, "phase": 1, "topic": "Hard, Soft, Rough, Smooth", "focus": "Detailed examination of surface properties", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055434607793_5cb89f8f
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-4
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:34.607793
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.871918
content:
  ## Science: Week 4 — Flexible vs. Rigid Materials

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Testing material flexibility

  ### Objectives
  Test and describe flexibility

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Bridge building project

metadata:
  {"week": 4, "phase": 1, "topic": "Flexible vs. Rigid Materials", "focus": "Testing material flexibility", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055434840453_d6f8ae43
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-5
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:34.840453
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.874802
content:
  ## Science: Week 5 — Absorbent Materials

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Testing how materials interact with water

  ### Objectives
  Predict and test absorbency

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Data chart with predictions vs. results

metadata:
  {"week": 5, "phase": 1, "topic": "Absorbent Materials", "focus": "Testing how materials interact with water", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055435072368_f67da4c3
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-6
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:35.072368
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.878097
content:
  ## Science: Week 6 — Solids, Liquids, Gases Introduction

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Understanding states of matter

  ### Objectives
  Identify and classify matter by state

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  States of matter sorting activity

metadata:
  {"week": 6, "phase": 1, "topic": "Solids, Liquids, Gases Introduction", "focus": "Understanding states of matter", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055435303115_bcc6bcab
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-7
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:35.303115
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.881242
content:
  ## Science: Week 7 — Solids Deep Dive

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Properties of solid matter

  ### Objectives
  Describe solid characteristics

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Sink/float prediction experiment

metadata:
  {"week": 7, "phase": 1, "topic": "Solids Deep Dive", "focus": "Properties of solid matter", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055435536411_bc5b582f
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-8
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:35.536411
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.884206
content:
  ## Science: Week 8 — Liquids Deep Dive

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Properties of liquid matter

  ### Objectives
  Describe liquid characteristics

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Flow rate observation chart

metadata:
  {"week": 8, "phase": 1, "topic": "Liquids Deep Dive", "focus": "Properties of liquid matter", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055435765396_384f53a0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-9
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:35.765396
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.886744
content:
  ## Science: Week 9 — Gases and Air

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Understanding invisible matter

  ### Objectives
  Recognize gases take up space

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Gas property explanation

metadata:
  {"week": 9, "phase": 1, "topic": "Gases and Air", "focus": "Understanding invisible matter", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055435997292_d4c98856
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-10
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:35.997292
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.889101
content:
  ## Science: Week 10 — States of Matter Review & Testing

  **Phase:** FALL: Physical Science - Matter and Its Interactions (Weeks 1-10)
  **Focus:** Review and assess understanding

  ### Objectives
  Identify all three states of matter

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  End-of-unit project or demonstration

metadata:
  {"week": 10, "phase": 1, "topic": "States of Matter Review & Testing", "focus": "Review and assess understanding", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055436227129_0f4fdaa8
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-11
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.227129
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.227129
content:
  ## Science: Week 11 — What Do Plants Need?

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Basic plant requirements

  ### Objectives
  Identify sunlight, water, air as plant needs

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Plant care plan

metadata:
  {"week": 11, "phase": 2, "topic": "What Do Plants Need?", "focus": "Basic plant requirements", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055436458736_4e3e0787
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-12
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.458736
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.458736
content:
  ## Science: Week 12 — Plant Growth Experiment Setup

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Testing variables

  ### Objectives
  Design fair test with one variable

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Experimental design worksheet

metadata:
  {"week": 12, "phase": 2, "topic": "Plant Growth Experiment Setup", "focus": "Testing variables", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055436687600_ef5cc429
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-13
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.687600
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.687600
content:
  ## Science: Week 13 — Observing Plant Growth

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Recording data over time

  ### Objectives
  Measure and document growth

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Growth journal with drawings

metadata:
  {"week": 13, "phase": 2, "topic": "Observing Plant Growth", "focus": "Recording data over time", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055436918738_99268531
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-14
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.918738
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:36.918738
content:
  ## Science: Week 14 — More Plant Growth Observations

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Continued data collection

  ### Objectives
  Track changes over time

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Data comparison chart

metadata:
  {"week": 14, "phase": 2, "topic": "More Plant Growth Observations", "focus": "Continued data collection", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055437151892_f8441af7
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-15
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.151892
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.151892
content:
  ## Science: Week 15 — Plant Parts and Functions

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Identifying plant structures

  ### Objectives
  Name parts (roots, stem, leaves, flowers) and their jobs

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Labeled plant diagram

metadata:
  {"week": 15, "phase": 2, "topic": "Plant Parts and Functions", "focus": "Identifying plant structures", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055437382706_a49cf6f1
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-16
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.382706
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.891620
content:
  ## Science: Week 16 — Plant Needs Experiment Results

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Analyzing experimental data

  ### Objectives
  Draw conclusions from observations

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Experiment conclusion report

metadata:
  {"week": 16, "phase": 2, "topic": "Plant Needs Experiment Results", "focus": "Analyzing experimental data", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055437614349_8ac5cf30
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-17
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.614349
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.614349
content:
  ## Science: Week 17 — Introduction to Habitats

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Where animals and plants live

  ### Objectives
  Define habitat and identify types

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Habitat identification quiz

metadata:
  {"week": 17, "phase": 2, "topic": "Introduction to Habitats", "focus": "Where animals and plants live", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055437846686_e65b0f09
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-18
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.846686
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:37.846686
content:
  ## Science: Week 18 — Land Habitats

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Terrestrial environments

  ### Objectives
  Compare different land habitats

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Habitat diorama with labeled features

metadata:
  {"week": 18, "phase": 2, "topic": "Land Habitats", "focus": "Terrestrial environments", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055438079415_8bd5fe00
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-19
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.079415
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.079415
content:
  ## Science: Week 19 — Water Habitats

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** Aquatic environments

  ### Objectives
  Compare freshwater and saltwater habitats

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Water habitat comparison chart

metadata:
  {"week": 19, "phase": 2, "topic": "Water Habitats", "focus": "Aquatic environments", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055438311664_0ddabff4
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-20
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.311664
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.894240
content:
  ## Science: Week 20 — Ecosystems and Interdependence

  **Phase:** WINTER: Life Science - Plants and Ecosystems (Weeks 11-20)
  **Focus:** How living things depend on each other

  ### Objectives
  Understand relationships in ecosystems

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Food chain diagram

metadata:
  {"week": 20, "phase": 2, "topic": "Ecosystems and Interdependence", "focus": "How living things depend on each other", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055438545482_fb9159c3
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-21
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.545482
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.545482
content:
  ## Science: Week 21 — Water on Earth

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Where water is found

  ### Objectives
  Identify oceans, lakes, rivers, ice, underground water

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Labeled water map

metadata:
  {"week": 21, "phase": 3, "topic": "Water on Earth", "focus": "Where water is found", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055438779285_6fe64606
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-22
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.779285
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:38.779285
content:
  ## Science: Week 22 — The Water Cycle

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** How water moves around Earth

  ### Objectives
  Describe evaporation, condensation, precipitation

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Water cycle diagram with labels

metadata:
  {"week": 22, "phase": 3, "topic": "The Water Cycle", "focus": "How water moves around Earth", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055439011056_9b80ea58
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-23
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.011056
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.011056
content:
  ## Science: Week 23 — Weather vs. Climate

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Understanding weather patterns

  ### Objectives
  Distinguish weather from climate

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Weather journal for one week

metadata:
  {"week": 23, "phase": 3, "topic": "Weather vs. Climate", "focus": "Understanding weather patterns", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055439244425_3a7b96b7
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-24
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.244425
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.896646
content:
  ## Science: Week 24 — Slow Changes to Earth

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Weathering and erosion

  ### Objectives
  Understand how wind and water change land

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Erosion experiment report

metadata:
  {"week": 24, "phase": 3, "topic": "Slow Changes to Earth", "focus": "Weathering and erosion", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055439478625_64b2336a
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-25
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.478625
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.478625
content:
  ## Science: Week 25 — More Erosion and Weathering

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Testing erosion variables

  ### Objectives
  Compare different erosion factors

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Erosion prevention design

metadata:
  {"week": 25, "phase": 3, "topic": "More Erosion and Weathering", "focus": "Testing erosion variables", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055439712816_d0209d1e
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-26
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.712816
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.899166
content:
  ## Science: Week 26 — Fast Changes to Earth

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Sudden geological events

  ### Objectives
  Identify volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Fast vs. slow changes comparison

metadata:
  {"week": 26, "phase": 3, "topic": "Fast Changes to Earth", "focus": "Sudden geological events", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055439945313_8f9fde77
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-27
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.945313
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:39.945313
content:
  ## Science: Week 27 — Rocks and Soil

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Earth materials

  ### Objectives
  Identify different rock types and soil components

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Rock/soil collection with labels

metadata:
  {"week": 27, "phase": 3, "topic": "Rocks and Soil", "focus": "Earth materials", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055440179114_efd34226
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-28
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.179114
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.179114
content:
  ## Science: Week 28 — Diversity of Plants

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Plant variety in different places

  ### Objectives
  Compare plants from different habitats

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Plant diversity poster

metadata:
  {"week": 28, "phase": 3, "topic": "Diversity of Plants", "focus": "Plant variety in different places", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055440412672_b5b9a9e0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-29
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.412672
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.412672
content:
  ## Science: Week 29 — Diversity of Animals

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Animal variety and adaptations

  ### Objectives
  Compare animals from different habitats

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Animal adaptation presentation

metadata:
  {"week": 29, "phase": 3, "topic": "Diversity of Animals", "focus": "Animal variety and adaptations", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055440645716_9379f588
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-30
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.645716
updated_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.645716
content:
  ## Science: Week 30 — Patterns in Nature

  **Phase:** SPRING: Earth Science and Diversity of Life (Weeks 21-30)
  **Focus:** Observing and describing patterns

  ### Objectives
  Identify patterns in the natural world

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Nature pattern journal

metadata:
  {"week": 30, "phase": 3, "topic": "Patterns in Nature", "focus": "Observing and describing patterns", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055440880775_77f462a9
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-31
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:40.880775
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.902028
content:
  ## Science: Week 31 — Engineering Design Challenge

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Engineering and Review (Weeks 31-32)
  **Focus:** Using science knowledge to solve problems

  ### Objectives
  Apply engineering design process

  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Engineering project with presentation

metadata:
  {"week": 31, "phase": 4, "topic": "Engineering Design Challenge", "focus": "Using science knowledge to solve problems", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T055441116530_5c5d22cd
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/science/topic/week-32
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T05:54:41.116530
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.907187
content:
  ## Science: Week 32 — Year-End Science Review & Celebration

  **Phase:** YEAR-END: Engineering and Review (Weeks 31-32)
  **Focus:** Review all concepts and celebrate learning

  ### Objectives


  ### Activities


  ### Assessment
  Final science journal review and self-reflection

metadata:
  {"week": 32, "phase": 4, "topic": "Year-End Science Review & Celebration", "focus": "Review all concepts and celebrate learning", "source": "science_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060119709957_acb07c65
type: curriculum_umbrella
category: curriculum/math
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "math_curriculum_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:19.709957
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Math Curriculum — 2nd Grade

  Complete 32-week, 5-phase math curriculum for second grade. Each week covers
  a focused topic with daily lessons building toward mastery. Designed for
  homeschool use with hands-on practice, word problems, and visual activities.

  **Structure:** 5 phases, 32 weeks, Mon–Fri lessons per week.
  **Format:** 10 problems per lesson, horizontal math format.

  ### Phases
  - **Phase 1:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  - **Phase 2:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  - **Phase 3:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  - **Phase 4:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  - **Phase 5:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)

  ### Standards Alignment (Common Core 2nd Grade)
  - **2.NBT.A** — Place value (Weeks 1–3, 7–13)
  - **2.NBT.B** — Addition & subtraction within 1000 (Weeks 4–14)
  - **2.MD.A** — Measurement & data (Weeks 15–20)
  - **2.G.A** — Geometry (Weeks 21–26)
  - **2.OA.A** — Operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
    (Weeks 4–14, 27–32)

  ### Weekly Lesson Structure
  Each week runs Monday through Friday with a consistent daily rhythm:

  | Day | Focus |
  |-----|-------|
  | Monday | New concept introduction — guided practice with examples |
  | Tuesday | Skill building — independent practice with increasing difficulty |
  | Wednesday | Mixed practice — combining with previous concepts |
  | Thursday | Word problems & application — real-world context |
  | Friday | Review & challenge — game, puzzle, or self-check quiz |

  ---

  ### Materials & Tools
  **Manipulatives (recommended):**
  - Base-10 blocks or linking cubes
  - Counters / buttons / beads
  - Pattern blocks & tangrams
  - Geoboards
  - Real coins & play money
  - Rulers (inch/cm)
  - Toy clock or printable clock face

  **Supplies:**
  - Hundreds chart (laminated)
  - Number line 0–100
  - Grid/graph paper
  - Fraction circles or bars
  - Multiplication chart (blank, to fill in)

  ---

  ### Pacing Guidance
  - **Stay flexible.** If a concept needs more time, extend it and compress
    later weeks. The curriculum is a roadmap, not a railroad.
  - **Spiral back.** Briefly revisit earlier concepts during mixed-practice
    days to maintain retention.
  - **Accelerate when ready.** If facts to 20 come quickly, move faster
    through Phase 1 and spend more time on multiplication.
  - **Review weeks are built in** (Weeks 6, 14, 20, 26, 32) — use these to
    gauge readiness, not to teach new material.

  ---

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Home_School/2nd_Grade/Math/Curriculum_32_Weeks.md


entity_id: ent_20260527T060119961381_3e88a9bc
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/math/phase-1
strength: strong
metadata: {"phase": 1, "weeks": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:19.961381
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Math Phase 1: Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)

  Weeks 1–6 — 6 weeks of 2nd grade math curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 1: Counting & Number Sense to 100 — Count by 1s, 5s, 10s; number words; hundreds chart
  - Week 2: Place Value (Tens & Ones) — Decomposing numbers; expanded form; base-10 blocks
  - Week 3: Comparing & Ordering Numbers — <, >, = symbols; ordering sets of 3–5 numbers
  - Week 4: Addition Facts to 20 — Fluency drills; number bonds; making 10 strategy
  - Week 5: Subtraction Facts to 20 — Fluency drills; relationship to addition; fact families
  - Week 6: Phase 1 Review & Assessment — Mixed practice; timed fact fluency; self-check quiz


entity_id: ent_20260527T060120195381_3a77f5a2
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/math/phase-2
strength: strong
metadata: {"phase": 2, "weeks": [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14], "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.195381
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Math Phase 2: Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)

  Weeks 7–14 — 8 weeks of 2nd grade math curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 7: Adding within 100 (no regrouping) — Place-value alignment; mental addition of tens
  - Week 8: Subtracting within 100 (no regrouping) — Place-value alignment; open number line strategy
  - Week 9: Addition with Regrouping — Carrying tens; 2-digit + 2-digit
  - Week 10: Subtraction with Regrouping — Borrowing; crossing out; open number line
  - Week 11: Mixed 2-Digit Addition & Subtraction — Choosing operation; checking with inverse
  - Week 12: Adding 3 Numbers (to 100) — Commutative property; grouping friendly numbers
  - Week 13: 3-Digit Addition & Subtraction — Hundreds place; regrouping across zeros
  - Week 14: Word Problems (Add/Sub to 100) — Reading comprehension; draw-a-picture; 2-step problems


entity_id: ent_20260527T060120428083_e960420e
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/math/phase-3
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 3, "weeks": [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.428083
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.428083
content:
  ## Math Phase 3: Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)

  Weeks 15–20 — 6 weeks of 2nd grade math curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 15: Length: Inches & Centimeters — Using rulers; estimating; comparing lengths
  - Week 16: Telling Time — Hour, half-hour, quarter-hour; analog & digital
  - Week 17: Time Word Problems — AM/PM; elapsed time (to nearest 5 min); daily schedules
  - Week 18: Money: Coins & Bills — Identifying values; counting collections; making amounts
  - Week 19: Money: Adding & Change — Adding money; making change; simple transactions
  - Week 20: Data: Picture & Bar Graphs — Reading graphs; creating graphs; interpreting data


entity_id: ent_20260527T060120662898_8201d9f0
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/math/phase-4
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 4, "weeks": [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26], "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.662898
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.662898
content:
  ## Math Phase 4: Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)

  Weeks 21–26 — 6 weeks of 2nd grade math curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 21: 2D Shapes & Attributes — Identifying sides, vertices, angles; polygons vs. non-polygons
  - Week 22: 3D Shapes — Faces, edges, vertices; nets; real-world examples
  - Week 23: Lines, Angles & Symmetry — Line segments; right angles; lines of symmetry
  - Week 24: Area & Perimeter — Counting square units; perimeter as distance around
  - Week 25: Intro to Fractions — Equal parts; halves, thirds, fourths; fraction notation
  - Week 26: Phase 4 Review & Assessment — Mixed geometry & fractions; shape sorting; fraction matching


entity_id: ent_20260527T060120896694_3c821766
type: curriculum_phase
category: curriculum/math/phase-5
strength: moderate
metadata: {"phase": 5, "weeks": [27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32], "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.896694
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:20.896694
content:
  ## Math Phase 5: Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)

  Weeks 27–32 — 6 weeks of 2nd grade math curriculum.

  ### Topics
  - Week 27: Equal Groups & Arrays — Grouping objects; rows × columns; visual models
  - Week 28: Repeated Addition → Multiplication — Connecting addition to × notation; writing equations
  - Week 29: Multiplication Facts 0–5 — Times tables; skip counting; multiplication charts
  - Week 30: Multiplication Facts 6–10 — Times tables; commutative property; memory strategies
  - Week 31: Division as Equal Sharing — Fair sharing; groups of; relating division to multiplication
  - Week 32: Final Review & Assessment — Comprehensive mixed review; fact fluency check; celebration


entity_id: ent_20260527T060121136082_7b028ce2
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-1
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:21.136082
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.910193
content:
  ## Math: Week 1 — Counting & Number Sense to 100

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** Count by 1s, 5s, 10s; number words; hundreds chart

metadata:
  {"week": 1, "phase": 1, "topic": "Counting & Number Sense to 100", "key_skills": "Count by 1s, 5s, 10s; number words; hundreds chart", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060121373326_736cb6f8
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-2
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:21.373326
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.913472
content:
  ## Math: Week 2 — Place Value (Tens & Ones)

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** Decomposing numbers; expanded form; base-10 blocks

metadata:
  {"week": 2, "phase": 1, "topic": "Place Value (Tens & Ones)", "key_skills": "Decomposing numbers; expanded form; base-10 blocks", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060121608252_fb008583
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-3
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:21.608252
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.918952
content:
  ## Math: Week 3 — Comparing & Ordering Numbers

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** <, >, = symbols; ordering sets of 3–5 numbers

metadata:
  {"week": 3, "phase": 1, "topic": "Comparing & Ordering Numbers", "key_skills": "<, >, = symbols; ordering sets of 3\u20135 numbers", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060121840714_d6303a53
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-4
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:21.840714
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.929029
content:
  ## Math: Week 4 — Addition Facts to 20

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** Fluency drills; number bonds; making 10 strategy

metadata:
  {"week": 4, "phase": 1, "topic": "Addition Facts to 20", "key_skills": "Fluency drills; number bonds; making 10 strategy", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060122075066_899fe8d2
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-5
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.075066
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.934122
content:
  ## Math: Week 5 — Subtraction Facts to 20

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** Fluency drills; relationship to addition; fact families

metadata:
  {"week": 5, "phase": 1, "topic": "Subtraction Facts to 20", "key_skills": "Fluency drills; relationship to addition; fact families", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060122309418_30579470
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-6
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.309418
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.937578
content:
  ## Math: Week 6 — Phase 1 Review & Assessment

  **Phase:** Number Sense & Foundations (Weeks 1–6)
  **Key Skills:** Mixed practice; timed fact fluency; self-check quiz

metadata:
  {"week": 6, "phase": 1, "topic": "Phase 1 Review & Assessment", "key_skills": "Mixed practice; timed fact fluency; self-check quiz", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060122545539_87de33ec
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-7
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.545539
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.545539
content:
  ## Math: Week 7 — Adding within 100 (no regrouping)

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Place-value alignment; mental addition of tens

metadata:
  {"week": 7, "phase": 2, "topic": "Adding within 100 (no regrouping)", "key_skills": "Place-value alignment; mental addition of tens", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060122781390_fbb35b67
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-8
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.781390
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:22.781390
content:
  ## Math: Week 8 — Subtracting within 100 (no regrouping)

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Place-value alignment; open number line strategy

metadata:
  {"week": 8, "phase": 2, "topic": "Subtracting within 100 (no regrouping)", "key_skills": "Place-value alignment; open number line strategy", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060123015888_16940b0e
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-9
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.015888
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.015888
content:
  ## Math: Week 9 — Addition with Regrouping

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Carrying tens; 2-digit + 2-digit

metadata:
  {"week": 9, "phase": 2, "topic": "Addition with Regrouping", "key_skills": "Carrying tens; 2-digit + 2-digit", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060123250756_a970bc72
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-10
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.250756
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.250756
content:
  ## Math: Week 10 — Subtraction with Regrouping

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Borrowing; crossing out; open number line

metadata:
  {"week": 10, "phase": 2, "topic": "Subtraction with Regrouping", "key_skills": "Borrowing; crossing out; open number line", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060123485310_c1afb373
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-11
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.485310
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.485310
content:
  ## Math: Week 11 — Mixed 2-Digit Addition & Subtraction

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Choosing operation; checking with inverse

metadata:
  {"week": 11, "phase": 2, "topic": "Mixed 2-Digit Addition & Subtraction", "key_skills": "Choosing operation; checking with inverse", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060123718892_a725cfd0
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-12
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.718892
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.718892
content:
  ## Math: Week 12 — Adding 3 Numbers (to 100)

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Commutative property; grouping friendly numbers

metadata:
  {"week": 12, "phase": 2, "topic": "Adding 3 Numbers (to 100)", "key_skills": "Commutative property; grouping friendly numbers", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060123952588_bb4d3208
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-13
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.952588
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:23.952588
content:
  ## Math: Week 13 — 3-Digit Addition & Subtraction

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Hundreds place; regrouping across zeros

metadata:
  {"week": 13, "phase": 2, "topic": "3-Digit Addition & Subtraction", "key_skills": "Hundreds place; regrouping across zeros", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060124190409_21cf09a9
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-14
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.190409
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.946155
content:
  ## Math: Week 14 — Word Problems (Add/Sub to 100)

  **Phase:** Addition & Subtraction to 100 (Weeks 7–14)
  **Key Skills:** Reading comprehension; draw-a-picture; 2-step problems

metadata:
  {"week": 14, "phase": 2, "topic": "Word Problems (Add/Sub to 100)", "key_skills": "Reading comprehension; draw-a-picture; 2-step problems", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060124425879_21a142fa
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-15
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.425879
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.425879
content:
  ## Math: Week 15 — Length: Inches & Centimeters

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** Using rulers; estimating; comparing lengths

metadata:
  {"week": 15, "phase": 3, "topic": "Length: Inches & Centimeters", "key_skills": "Using rulers; estimating; comparing lengths", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060124666863_750910e7
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-16
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.666863
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.666863
content:
  ## Math: Week 16 — Telling Time

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** Hour, half-hour, quarter-hour; analog & digital

metadata:
  {"week": 16, "phase": 3, "topic": "Telling Time", "key_skills": "Hour, half-hour, quarter-hour; analog & digital", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060124901081_282467ba
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-17
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.901081
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:24.901081
content:
  ## Math: Week 17 — Time Word Problems

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** AM/PM; elapsed time (to nearest 5 min); daily schedules

metadata:
  {"week": 17, "phase": 3, "topic": "Time Word Problems", "key_skills": "AM/PM; elapsed time (to nearest 5 min); daily schedules", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060125137673_ad867d19
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-18
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.137673
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.137673
content:
  ## Math: Week 18 — Money: Coins & Bills

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** Identifying values; counting collections; making amounts

metadata:
  {"week": 18, "phase": 3, "topic": "Money: Coins & Bills", "key_skills": "Identifying values; counting collections; making amounts", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060125385345_b0e9ba39
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-19
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.385345
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.385345
content:
  ## Math: Week 19 — Money: Adding & Change

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** Adding money; making change; simple transactions

metadata:
  {"week": 19, "phase": 3, "topic": "Money: Adding & Change", "key_skills": "Adding money; making change; simple transactions", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060125623450_de73c5e6
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-20
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.623450
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.956567
content:
  ## Math: Week 20 — Data: Picture & Bar Graphs

  **Phase:** Measurement, Time & Money (Weeks 15–20)
  **Key Skills:** Reading graphs; creating graphs; interpreting data

metadata:
  {"week": 20, "phase": 3, "topic": "Data: Picture & Bar Graphs", "key_skills": "Reading graphs; creating graphs; interpreting data", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060125858811_bb66b162
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-21
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.858811
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:25.858811
content:
  ## Math: Week 21 — 2D Shapes & Attributes

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Identifying sides, vertices, angles; polygons vs. non-polygons

metadata:
  {"week": 21, "phase": 4, "topic": "2D Shapes & Attributes", "key_skills": "Identifying sides, vertices, angles; polygons vs. non-polygons", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060126094226_a9806c75
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-22
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.094226
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.094226
content:
  ## Math: Week 22 — 3D Shapes

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Faces, edges, vertices; nets; real-world examples

metadata:
  {"week": 22, "phase": 4, "topic": "3D Shapes", "key_skills": "Faces, edges, vertices; nets; real-world examples", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060126329969_eb161e11
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-23
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.329969
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.329969
content:
  ## Math: Week 23 — Lines, Angles & Symmetry

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Line segments; right angles; lines of symmetry

metadata:
  {"week": 23, "phase": 4, "topic": "Lines, Angles & Symmetry", "key_skills": "Line segments; right angles; lines of symmetry", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060126565022_0dd6e156
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-24
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.565022
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.565022
content:
  ## Math: Week 24 — Area & Perimeter

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Counting square units; perimeter as distance around

metadata:
  {"week": 24, "phase": 4, "topic": "Area & Perimeter", "key_skills": "Counting square units; perimeter as distance around", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060126800582_cd126bdf
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-25
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.800582
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:26.800582
content:
  ## Math: Week 25 — Intro to Fractions

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Equal parts; halves, thirds, fourths; fraction notation

metadata:
  {"week": 25, "phase": 4, "topic": "Intro to Fractions", "key_skills": "Equal parts; halves, thirds, fourths; fraction notation", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060127036929_a7086b6b
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-26
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.036929
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.962696
content:
  ## Math: Week 26 — Phase 4 Review & Assessment

  **Phase:** Geometry & Fractions (Weeks 21–26)
  **Key Skills:** Mixed geometry & fractions; shape sorting; fraction matching

metadata:
  {"week": 26, "phase": 4, "topic": "Phase 4 Review & Assessment", "key_skills": "Mixed geometry & fractions; shape sorting; fraction matching", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060127275011_f28a2e92
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-27
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.275011
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.275011
content:
  ## Math: Week 27 — Equal Groups & Arrays

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Grouping objects; rows × columns; visual models

metadata:
  {"week": 27, "phase": 5, "topic": "Equal Groups & Arrays", "key_skills": "Grouping objects; rows \u00d7 columns; visual models", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060127511695_8eea380d
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-28
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.511695
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.511695
content:
  ## Math: Week 28 — Repeated Addition → Multiplication

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Connecting addition to × notation; writing equations

metadata:
  {"week": 28, "phase": 5, "topic": "Repeated Addition \u2192 Multiplication", "key_skills": "Connecting addition to \u00d7 notation; writing equations", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060127749461_74bf3179
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-29
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.749461
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.749461
content:
  ## Math: Week 29 — Multiplication Facts 0–5

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Times tables; skip counting; multiplication charts

metadata:
  {"week": 29, "phase": 5, "topic": "Multiplication Facts 0\u20135", "key_skills": "Times tables; skip counting; multiplication charts", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060127986673_d6fa0367
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-30
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.986673
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:27.986673
content:
  ## Math: Week 30 — Multiplication Facts 6–10

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Times tables; commutative property; memory strategies

metadata:
  {"week": 30, "phase": 5, "topic": "Multiplication Facts 6\u201310", "key_skills": "Times tables; commutative property; memory strategies", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060128223762_94df9dd1
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-31
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:28.223762
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:28.223762
content:
  ## Math: Week 31 — Division as Equal Sharing

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Fair sharing; groups of; relating division to multiplication

metadata:
  {"week": 31, "phase": 5, "topic": "Division as Equal Sharing", "key_skills": "Fair sharing; groups of; relating division to multiplication", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T060128459723_c67998ca
type: curriculum_topic
category: curriculum/math/topic/week-32
strength: moderate
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:01:28.459723
updated_at: 2026-06-01T02:48:16.964798
content:
  ## Math: Week 32 — Final Review & Assessment

  **Phase:** Multiplication, Division & Patterns (Weeks 27–32)
  **Key Skills:** Comprehensive mixed review; fact fluency check; celebration

metadata:
  {"week": 32, "phase": 5, "topic": "Final Review & Assessment", "key_skills": "Comprehensive mixed review; fact fluency check; celebration", "source": "math_curriculum_ingest"}


entity_id: ent_20260527T062432313385_4ae2897c
type: geography_umbrella
category: geography
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:32.313385
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Geography — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  Comprehensive geography knowledge for second grade level. Covers continents,
  oceans, countries, capitals, map reading, compass directions, and US states.

  ### Domains
  - **Continents & Oceans:** 7 continents, 5 oceans, basic world geography
  - **Countries & Capitals:** Major world countries and their capitals
  - **US Geography:** 50 states, regions, state capitals
  - **Map Skills:** Reading maps, compass directions, legends, scales
  - **Physical Geography:** Landforms, bodies of water, climate zones
  - **World Cultures:** How geography shapes cultures and ways of life

  ### Key Concepts
  - 7 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica
  - 5 oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern
  - Compass directions: North, South, East, West (and intermediate)
  - US regions: Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, West
  - Map reading: legends, scales, globes vs flat maps

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Geography knowledge base (general education)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062432565202_0c331253
type: geography_category
category: geography/continents
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:32.565202
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Continents

  The 7 continents of Earth, ordered by size (largest to smallest).

  ### Overview
  Continents are the largest landmasses on Earth. They are separated by oceans
  and contain multiple countries, biomes, and cultures.

  ### The 7 Continents
  1. **Asia** — Largest, most populous. Includes China, India, Japan, Russia (partially)
  2. **Africa** — Second largest. Includes 54 countries, Sahara Desert, Nile River
  3. **North America** — Includes USA, Canada, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean
  4. **South America** — Includes Brazil, Argentina, Andes Mountains, Amazon Rainforest
  5. **Antarctica** — Coldest, driest. No permanent residents, only research stations
  6. **Europe** — Includes UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia (partially)
  7. **Australia (Oceania)** — Smallest continent. Includes Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands

  ### Memory Aid (2nd Grade)
  "Never Eat Soggy Witches Drink Ale After Tea"
  **N**orth America, **E**urope, **S**outh America, **W** (West Hemisphere),
  **D** (Divided by), **A**sia, **A**frica, **T** (Two smallest) **A**ntarctica, **A**ustralia

  Actually simpler: **A** **N** **A** **S** **N** **E** **A** (Asia, North America, Africa, South America, North (Antarctica), Europe, Australia)

  Better for kids: "**S**ome **H**appy **N**eeds **W**ill **M**ake **G**reat **F**riends"
  **S**outh America, **H** (Hemisphere), **N**orth America, **W** (West), **M** (Middle/Europe), **G** (Greenland/Antarctica), **F** (Far East/Asia), **A**frica, **A**ustralia


entity_id: ent_20260527T062432804387_435d0366
type: geography_category
category: geography/oceans
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:32.804387
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Oceans

  The 5 oceans of Earth, ordered by size (largest to smallest).

  ### Overview
  Oceans cover about 71% of Earth's surface. They contain salt water and are
  home to millions of species of plants and animals.

  ### The 5 Oceans
  1. **Pacific Ocean** — Largest and deepest. Between Asia/Australia and the Americas
  2. **Atlantic Ocean** — Second largest. Between the Americas and Europe/Africa
  3. **Indian Ocean** — Third largest. Between Africa, Asia, and Australia
  4. **Southern Ocean** — Surrounds Antarctica. Coldest ocean waters
  5. **Arctic Ocean** — Smallest and shallowest. Around the North Pole, mostly frozen

  ### Key Facts
  - Oceans contain about 97% of Earth's water
  - The deepest point is the Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean) — deeper than Mount Everest is tall
  - Ocean water is salty because rivers carry dissolved minerals from land
  - Oceans affect weather and climate around the world

  ### Memory Aid
  "Pac-Man Ate Ice Scones" — **P**acific, **A**tlantic, **I**ndian, **S**outhern, **A**rctic


entity_id: ent_20260527T062433041560_717a9848
type: geography_category
category: geography/countries
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:33.041560
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Countries & Capitals

  Major world countries and their capital cities.

  ### Overview
  A country is a region with its own government, boundaries, and people.
  The capital is usually where the government is located.

  ### Major Countries & Capitals
  - **United States** — Washington, D.C.
  - **Canada** — Ottawa
  - **Mexico** — Mexico City
  - **Brazil** — Brasília
  - **Argentina** — Buenos Aires
  - **United Kingdom** — London
  - **France** — Paris
  - **Germany** — Berlin
  - **Italy** — Rome
  - **Spain** — Madrid
  - **Russia** — Moscow
  - **China** — Beijing
  - **Japan** — Tokyo
  - **India** — New Delhi
  - **Australia** — Canberra (not Sydney!)
  - **South Africa** — Pretoria (administrative capital)
  - **Egypt** — Cairo
  - **Nigeria** — Abuja
  - **Kenya** — Nairobi
  - **Thailand** — Bangkok

  ### Key Concepts
  - Countries have flags, national symbols, and official languages
  - Some countries are very large (Russia, Canada) and some are very small (Monaco, Vatican City)
  - Countries share borders with neighbors


entity_id: ent_20260527T062433281394_52bc5119
type: geography_category
category: geography/us_states
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:33.281394
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## United States Geography

  The 50 states organized into 5 major regions.

  ### Overview
  The United States has 50 states, each with its own capital, governor, and
  state legislature. States are grouped into regions based on geography,
  culture, and history.

  ### 5 Major US Regions

  **Northeast:** Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
  Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
  - Cold winters, four seasons
  - Major cities: New York City, Boston, Philadelphia
  - Known for: history, finance, education

  **Southeast:** Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina,
  South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana
  - Warm climate, long growing season
  - Major cities: Miami, Atlanta, New Orleans
  - Known for: beaches, agriculture, music

  **Midwest:** Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,
  Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas
  - Flat farmland, Great Lakes
  - Major cities: Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis
  - Known for: farming, manufacturing, lakes

  **Southwest:** Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona
  - Hot, dry climate, deserts
  - Major cities: Houston, Dallas, Phoenix
  - Known for: deserts, mountains, Mexican-American culture

  **West:** Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Hawaii
  - Mountains, coastlines, diverse climates
  - Major cities: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Denver
  - Known for: mountains, Pacific Coast, technology

  ### Fun Facts
  - Alaska is the largest state by area
  - Hawaii is the only state that is an island chain
  - Rhode Island is the smallest state
  - Texas has more people than 20 other states combined


entity_id: ent_20260527T062433522160_3583c846
type: geography_category
category: geography/maps
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:33.522160
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Map Skills

  Reading and using maps — a fundamental geography skill.

  ### Map Basics
  A map is a drawing or picture of a place. Maps help us understand where
  things are and how they relate to each other.

  ### Types of Maps
  - **Physical maps** — Show natural features (mountains, rivers, oceans)
  - **Political maps** — Show boundaries (countries, states, cities)
  - **Road maps** — Show highways, streets, and transportation routes
  - **Thematic maps** — Show specific information (population, climate, resources)
  - **Globe** — A 3D model of Earth (most accurate representation)

  ### Map Parts
  - **Legend/Key** — Explains the symbols used on the map
  - **Scale** — Shows the relationship between distance on the map and actual distance
  - **Compass Rose** — Shows directions (N, S, E, W)
  - **Title** — Tells what the map shows
  - **Grid** — Lines that help locate places (latitude and longitude)

  ### Compass Directions
  - **Cardinal directions:** North, South, East, West
  - **Intermediate directions:** Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest
  - North is always up on maps (usually)
  - East is where the sun rises, West is where it sets

  ### Latitude & Longitude (Basic)
  - **Latitude** — Lines that run east-west (parallel lines). The Equator is at 0° latitude.
  - **Longitude** — Lines that run north-south. The Prime Meridian passes through London.
  - Together they form a grid that lets us pinpoint any location on Earth


entity_id: ent_20260527T062433759418_80127ec7
type: geography_category
category: geography/physical
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:33.759418
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Physical Geography

  Natural features of Earth — landforms, bodies of water, and climate.

  ### Landforms
  - **Mountain** — Tall landform rising above surrounding area (Mount Everest, Himalayas)
  - **Hill** — Smaller than a mountain, rounded top
  - **Plain** — Flat, low-lying land (Great Plains in USA)
  - **Plateau** — Flat land elevated above surrounding area
  - **Valley** — Low area between hills or mountains
  - **Peninsula** — Land surrounded by water on three sides (Florida)
  - **Island** — Land completely surrounded by water (Hawaii)
  - **Isthmus** — Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas (Panama)
  - **Desert** — Very dry area with little rainfall (Sahara, Mojave)

  ### Bodies of Water
  - **Ocean** — Large body of salt water (5 oceans)
  - **Sea** — Smaller than an ocean, partially enclosed by land
  - **River** — Flowing body of fresh water (Nile, Amazon, Mississippi)
  - **Lake** — Body of water surrounded by land
  - **Stream/Creek** — Small flowing body of water
  - **Gulf/Bay** — Body of water partly surrounded by land
  - **Strait** — Narrow waterway connecting two larger bodies of water

  ### Climate Zones
  - **Tropical** — Hot year-round, near the Equator (Amazon, Southeast Asia)
  - **Temperate** — Four seasons, moderate temperatures (most of USA, Europe)
  - **Polar** — Very cold year-round (Arctic, Antarctica)
  - **Arid/Desert** — Very little rainfall (Sahara, Mojave)

  ### Biomes
  - **Rainforest** — Hot, wet, dense trees (Amazon, Congo)
  - **Grassland** — Open land with grass (Great Plains, African savanna)
  - **Tundra** — Cold, treeless, permafrost (Arctic)
  - **Taiga** — Cold forest with evergreen trees (Canada, Russia)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062433997169_93ff2b12
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/asian
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:33.997169
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Asia

  The largest and most populous continent.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Largest continent by area and population
  - **Population:** About 4.7 billion people (more than 60% of world population)
  - **Countries:** 48 countries including China, India, Japan, Russia (partially)
  - **Highest point:** Mount Everest (29,032 ft) on the Nepal/China border
  - **Lowest point:** Dead Sea (-1,412 ft below sea level)

  ### Major Countries
  - **China** — Most populous (historically), capital: Beijing
  - **India** — Second most populous, capital: New Delhi
  - **Japan** — Island nation, capital: Tokyo
  - **Russia** — Spans Europe and Asia, capital: Moscow
  - **South Korea** — Capital: Seoul
  - **Thailand** — Capital: Bangkok
  - **Indonesia** — Largest island nation, capital: Jakarta

  ### Geography Features
  - Himalayan Mountains (highest mountains in the world)
  - Gobi Desert (Mongolia/China)
  - Siberia (vast cold region of Russia)
  - Amazon is in South America — don't confuse with Asian rivers


entity_id: ent_20260527T062434233037_e01db9a2
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/africa
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:34.233037
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Africa

  The second largest continent, known for its wildlife and diversity.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Second largest continent
  - **Countries:** 54 countries (most of any continent)
  - **Languages:** About 2,000 different languages spoken
  - **Longest river:** Nile River (6,650 km) — longest in the world

  ### Major Countries
  - **Egypt** — Capital: Cairo, home of the pyramids
  - **Nigeria** — Capital: Abuja, most populous African country
  - **South Africa** — Capitals: Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein (three!)
  - **Kenya** — Capital: Nairobi, known for wildlife safaris
  - **Ethiopia** — Capital: Addis Ababa, birthplace of coffee
  - **Morocco** — Capital: Rabat, in North Africa near Europe

  ### Geography Features
  - Sahara Desert (largest hot desert in the world)
  - Nile River (longest river)
  - Kilimanjaro (highest mountain in Africa, in Tanzania)
  - Great Rift Valley (massive geological feature)
  - Amazon rainforest is in South America — Africa has the Congo rainforest


entity_id: ent_20260527T062434471850_2c2f12d6
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/north_america
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:34.471850
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## North America

  The third largest continent, home to the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Third largest continent
  - **Countries:** 23 countries including USA, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean nations
  - **Highest point:** Denali in Alaska (20,310 ft)
  - **Connects:** South America to the south (Panama), Asia across Bering Strait to the east

  ### Major Countries
  - **United States** — Capital: Washington, D.C.
  - **Canada** — Capital: Ottawa, second largest country by area
  - **Mexico** — Capital: Mexico City
  - **Cuba** — Capital: Havana (largest Caribbean island)

  ### Geography Features
  - Rocky Mountains (western North America)
  - Appalachian Mountains (eastern North America)
  - Mississippi River (longest in North America)
  - Great Lakes (5 large freshwater lakes shared by USA and Canada)
  - Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062434708609_c72b2264
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/south_america
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metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:34.708609
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## South America

  The fourth largest continent, known for the Amazon and Andes.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Fourth largest continent
  - **Countries:** 12 countries
  - **Highest point:** Aconcagua in Argentina (22,841 ft) — highest outside Asia
  - **Tropical:** Most of South America is near the equator

  ### Major Countries
  - **Brazil** — Capital: Brasília, largest country in South America
  - **Argentina** — Capital: Buenos Aires
  - **Chile** — Capital: Santiago, longest narrow country in the world
  - **Colombia** — Capital: Bogotá
  - **Peru** — Capital: Lima, home of Machu Picchu
  - **Venezuela** — Capital: Caracas

  ### Geography Features
  - Amazon Rainforest (largest rainforest, "lungs of the Earth")
  - Amazon River (largest river by volume)
  - Andes Mountains (longest mountain range in the world)
  - Patagonia (southern region shared by Argentina and Chile)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062434945838_e05c84ab
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/europe
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:34.945838
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Europe

  The second smallest continent, known for its history and diverse cultures.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Second smallest continent (larger than Australia)
  - **Countries:** About 44-50 countries (depending on definition)
  - **Population:** About 746 million
  - **Connected:** Borders Asia to the east (no clear dividing line)

  ### Major Countries
  - **United Kingdom** — Capital: London
  - **France** — Capital: Paris
  - **Germany** — Capital: Berlin
  - **Italy** — Capital: Rome
  - **Spain** — Capital: Madrid
  - **Russia** — Capital: Moscow (spans Europe and Asia)
  - **Sweden** — Capital: Stockholm
  - **Greece** — Capital: Athens (birthplace of democracy)

  ### Geography Features
  - Alps (major mountain range in central Europe)
  - Mediterranean Sea (between Europe and Africa)
  - Rhine, Danube, Thames, Seine (major rivers)
  - Iceland — island nation in the North Atlantic


entity_id: ent_20260527T062435183562_6b7fa1c1
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/australia
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.183562
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Australia / Oceania

  The smallest continent, a country and a continent in one.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Smallest continent
  - **Unique:** Australia is both a country and a continent
  - **Population:** About 26 million in Australia itself
  - **Isolated:** Furthest from other continents

  ### Countries & Territories
  - **Australia** — Capital: Canberra
  - **New Zealand** — Capital: Wellington
  - **Papua New Guinea** — Capital: Port Moresby
  - **Fiji** — Capital: Suva

  ### Geography Features
  - Great Barrier Reef (world's largest coral reef system)
  - Outback (vast dry interior)
  - Uluru/Ayers Rock (massive sandstone formation)
  - Unique animals: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, platypus
  - Tasmania (island state south of Australia)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062435423441_11b70d3d
type: geography_concept
category: geography/continent/antarctica
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.423441
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Antarctica

  The southernmost continent, covered in ice.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Fifth largest continent
  - **Climate:** Coldest place on Earth (record: -128.6°F / -89.2°C)
  - **Population:** No permanent residents
  - **Ice:** Contains about 70% of Earth's fresh water in its ice sheet
  - **Treaty:** International treaty prevents countries from claiming territory

  ### Special Facts
  - Only continent with no countries
  - Research stations from many countries study weather, ice, and wildlife
  - Penguins live in Antarctica (emperor and Adélie penguins)
  - No polar bears — they live in the Arctic (North), not Antarctica (South)
  - The Antarctic Circle is at about 66.5° South latitude


entity_id: ent_20260527T062435663586_7c87e0ee
type: geography_concept
category: geography/ocean/pacific
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.663586
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.663586
content:
  ## Pacific Ocean

  The largest and deepest ocean on Earth.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Covers about 30% of Earth's surface (larger than all land combined!)
  - **Depth:** Deepest point is the Mariana Trench (35,837 ft / 10,924 meters)
  - **Location:** Between Asia/Australia and the Americas
  - **Islands:** Contains more than 25,000 islands

  ### Features
  - Ring of Fire — volcanic and earthquake zone around the Pacific rim
  - Hawaiian Islands — volcanic island chain in the middle
  - Japan, Philippines, Indonesia — island nations bordering the Pacific
  - Major cities on Pacific coast: Tokyo, Sydney, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle


entity_id: ent_20260527T062435902289_d278464a
type: geography_concept
category: geography/ocean/atlantic
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.902289
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:35.902289
content:
  ## Atlantic Ocean

  The second largest ocean, named after the mythological figure Atlas.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Second largest ocean, about 20% of Earth's surface
  - **Shape:** S-shaped, between the Americas and Europe/Africa
  - **Connects:** Arctic Ocean to the north, Southern Ocean to the south

  ### Features
  - Gulf Stream — warm ocean current that affects European climate
  - Bermuda Triangle — famous (and mysterious) area in the western Atlantic
  - Caribbean Sea — tropical sea in the western Atlantic
  - Major ports: New York, London, Rio de Janeiro, Lagos


entity_id: ent_20260527T062436138305_819bd933
type: geography_concept
category: geography/ocean/indian
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.138305
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.138305
content:
  ## Indian Ocean

  The third largest ocean, named after India.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Third largest ocean, about 19% of Earth's surface
  - **Location:** Between Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica
  - **Warm:** Warmest ocean on average

  ### Features
  - Monsoon winds — seasonal wind patterns that affect weather in South Asia
  - Maldives — lowest-lying country in the world (average elevation 1 meter)
  - Coral reefs and island nations: Seychelles, Mauritius
  - Important shipping routes between Asia, Africa, and the Middle East


entity_id: ent_20260527T062436375300_79957fd7
type: geography_concept
category: geography/ocean/arctic
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.375300
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.375300
content:
  ## Arctic Ocean

  The smallest and shallowest ocean, located around the North Pole.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Size:** Smallest ocean, about 3% of Earth's surface
  - **Location:** Around the North Pole
  - **Ice:** Mostly covered by sea ice year-round
  - **Temperature:** Coldest ocean

  ### Features
  - Northernmost point on Earth (North Pole) is in the Arctic Ocean
  - Polar bears live in the Arctic (not Antarctica!)
  - Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) visible above the Arctic
  - Indigenous peoples: Inuit, Sami, and others have lived here for thousands of years
  - Climate change is causing Arctic ice to melt faster than anywhere else


entity_id: ent_20260527T062436612451_90e5689f
type: geography_concept
category: geography/us_regions/northeast
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.612451
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.612451
content:
  ## Northeast US Region

  The northeastern United States — history, industry, and four distinct seasons.

  ### States (9)
  Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,
  New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

  ### Major Cities
  - New York City (NY) — Most populous city in the US
  - Boston (MA) — Historic city, home of Harvard
  - Philadelphia (PA) — Where the Declaration of Independence was signed
  - Washington D.C. — Capital of the United States (not a state)

  ### Geography
  - Appalachian Mountains
  - New England forests
  - Atlantic coastline
  - Cold winters, warm summers (four seasons)

  ### Known For
  - American Revolution started here
  - Finance (Wall Street) and media industries
  - College and university towns
  - Fall foliage (autumn colors)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062436849991_2eccbd6c
type: geography_concept
category: geography/us_regions/southeast
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metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.849991
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:36.849991
content:
  ## Southeast US Region

  The southeastern United States — warm weather, beaches, and agriculture.

  ### States (13)
  Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina,
  South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee,
  Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana

  ### Major Cities
  - Miami (FL) — Tropical climate, beaches
  - Atlanta (GA) — Business hub of the South
  - New Orleans (LA) — Music, cuisine, Mardi Gras
  - Nashville (TN) — Country music capital

  ### Geography
  - Appalachian Mountains (western part)
  - Atlantic and Gulf coastlines
  - Mississippi River delta
  - Warm climate, mild winters

  ### Known For
  - Agriculture (cotton, peanuts, peaches, rice)
  - Beaches and tourism (Florida)
  - Music (jazz, blues, country, gospel)
  - Southern cuisine


entity_id: ent_20260527T062437090223_acb881f2
type: geography_concept
category: geography/us_regions/midwest
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.090223
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.090223
content:
  ## Midwest US Region

  The midwestern United States — the breadbasket of America.

  ### States (12)
  Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,
  Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas

  ### Major Cities
  - Chicago (IL) — Third largest city, on Lake Michigan
  - Detroit (MI) — Automobile industry
  - Minneapolis (MN) — Twin Cities area
  - St. Louis (MO) — Gateway Arch

  ### Geography
  - Great Plains (flat farmland)
  - Great Lakes (5 freshwater lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario)
  - Mississippi and Missouri Rivers
  - Four seasons with cold winters

  ### Known For
  - Agriculture (corn, soybeans, wheat)
  - Manufacturing and industry
  - Lake recreation and shipping
  - "Heartland" of America


entity_id: ent_20260527T062437329314_323c4839
type: geography_concept
category: geography/us_regions/southwest
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.329314
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.329314
content:
  ## Southwest US Region

  The southwestern United States — deserts, mountains, and unique culture.

  ### States (4)
  Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona

  ### Major Cities
  - Houston (TX) — Fourth largest US city
  - Dallas (TX) — Business and culture
  - Phoenix (AZ) — Hottest major city in the US
  - Albuquerque (NM) — Balloon festival, Native American culture

  ### Geography
  - Deserts (Sonoran, Chihuahuan)
  - Rocky Mountains
  - Grand Canyon (Arizona)
  - Hot, dry climate with monsoon season

  ### Known For
  - Desert landscapes and canyons
  - Native American culture (Navajo, Pueblo, Apache)
  - Mexican-American culture and food
  - Cattle ranching


entity_id: ent_20260527T062437568682_640fb725
type: geography_concept
category: geography/us_regions/west
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.568682
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.568682
content:
  ## West US Region

  The western United States — mountains, coastlines, and technology.

  ### States (11)
  Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, California,
  Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Hawaii

  ### Major Cities
  - Los Angeles (CA) — Entertainment industry
  - San Francisco (CA) — Technology, Golden Gate Bridge
  - Seattle (WA) — Coffee culture, Boeing
  - Denver (CO) — Mile High City, near Rocky Mountains

  ### Geography
  - Rocky Mountains
  - Pacific coastline
  - Deserts (Mojave, Great Basin)
  - Very diverse climates (from tropical Hawaii to frozen Alaska)

  ### Known For
  - Technology industry (Silicon Valley)
  - National parks (Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon)
  - Movies and entertainment (Hollywood)
  - Pacific coast surfing and beaches


entity_id: ent_20260527T062437809636_3df0f789
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category: geography/landforms
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.809636
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:37.809636
content:
  ## Landforms

  Natural features of Earth's surface.

  ### Mountains
  Tall landforms rising steeply above surrounding land.
  - Highest: Mount Everest (29,032 ft) in the Himalayas
  - Famous ranges: Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alps
  - Formed by tectonic plate movement

  ### Hills
  Smaller, rounder than mountains. Gentle slopes.
  - Common in rolling countryside
  - Good for farming on slopes (terrace farming)

  ### Plains
  Flat or gently rolling land.
  - Great Plains (USA), Pampas (Argentina), Steppes (Russia)
  - Ideal for farming

  ### Plateaus
  Flat land elevated above surrounding area.
  - Tibetan Plateau ("Roof of the World")
  - Colorado Plateau (Grand Canyon)

  ### Valleys
  Low areas between hills or mountains.
  - Often have rivers flowing through them
  - Fertile soil makes valleys good for farming

  ### Peninsulas
  Land surrounded by water on three sides.
  - Florida (USA), Italian Peninsula, Arabian Peninsula

  ### Islands
  Land completely surrounded by water.
  - Madagascar, Greenland, Japan, Hawaii


entity_id: ent_20260527T062438049955_6faf1366
type: geography_concept
category: geography/bodies_of_water
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.049955
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.049955
content:
  ## Bodies of Water

  Different types of water features on Earth.

  ### Oceans
  Five massive bodies of salt water covering 71% of Earth.
  - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern

  ### Seas
  Smaller than oceans, partially enclosed by land.
  - Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Red Sea

  ### Rivers
  Flowing bodies of fresh water moving to the sea.
  - Nile (longest at 6,650 km)
  - Amazon (largest by volume)
  - Mississippi, Yangtze, Ganges

  ### Lakes
  Bodies of water surrounded by land.
  - Great Lakes (North America) — largest freshwater group
  - Lake Victoria (Africa) — largest in Africa
  - Lake Baikal (Russia) — deepest in the world

  ### Streams & Creeks
  Small flowing bodies of water, often feeding rivers.

  ### Wetlands
  Areas where water covers the soil for long periods.
  - Important habitats for birds and plants
  - Florida Everglades, Louisiana bayous


entity_id: ent_20260527T062438288301_62673c54
type: geography_concept
category: geography/climate
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.288301
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.288301
content:
  ## Climate & Weather Patterns

  How Earth's climate varies by location.

  ### Climate vs Weather
  - **Weather** — Day-to-day conditions (sunny, rainy, windy)
  - **Climate** — Long-term patterns in a region

  ### Climate Zones
  1. **Tropical** — Near the equator, hot year-round
     - Amazon, Congo, Southeast Asia
     - Heavy rainfall, rainforests

  2. **Temperate** — Moderate temperatures, four seasons
     - Most of USA, Europe, eastern Asia
     - Spring, summer, fall, winter

  3. **Arid/Desert** — Very little rain
     - Sahara, Mojave, Australian Outback
     - Hot days, cool nights

  4. **Polar** — Very cold year-round
     - Arctic and Antarctica
     - Ice caps, permafrost

  5. **Continental** — Hot summers, cold winters
     - Interior of large continents
     - Midwest USA, Russia, Central Asia

  ### What Affects Climate
  - **Latitude** — Distance from equator (closer = warmer)
  - **Ocean currents** — Warm/cool water affects nearby land
  - **Mountains** — Block moisture, create rain shadows
  - **Altitude** — Higher elevation = cooler temperatures


entity_id: ent_20260527T062438527246_c2a2ee15
type: geography_concept
category: geography/compass
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.527246
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.527246
content:
  ## Compass Directions & Navigation

  Using a compass and cardinal directions.

  ### Cardinal Directions
  - **North (N)** — Up on maps, toward the North Pole
  - **South (S)** — Down on maps, toward the South Pole
  - **East (E)** — Right on maps, where the sun rises
  - **West (W)** — Left on maps, where the sun sets

  ### Intermediate Directions
  - **Northeast (NE)** — Between north and east
  - **Southeast (SE)** — Between south and east
  - **Southwest (SW)** — Between south and west
  - **Northwest (NW)** — Between north and west

  ### Compass Rose
  A symbol on maps showing all directions. Usually has N, S, E, W
  marked with a star or flower-like design.

  ### Memory Aid
  "Never Eat Soggy Waffles" — **N**orth, **E**ast, **S**outh, **W**est
  (clockwise from north)

  ### Using a Compass
  1. Hold the compass flat
  2. The magnetic needle always points North
  3. Turn the dial to match your direction of travel
  4. Follow the direction arrow

  ### Map Reading Tips
  - North is usually up on maps
  - Use the compass rose to confirm
  - Use the legend to understand symbols
  - Use the scale to estimate distances


entity_id: ent_20260527T062438767352_f3e59368
type: geography_concept
category: geography/latitude_longitude
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.767352
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:38.767352
content:
  ## Latitude & Longitude

  The coordinate system for finding any location on Earth.

  ### Latitude (Horizontal Lines)
  - Runs east-west (parallel lines)
  - Measures distance north or south of the Equator
  - Equator = 0° latitude (divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres)
  - North Pole = 90° North, South Pole = 90° South
  - Important lines: Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N), Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)

  ### Longitude (Vertical Lines)
  - Runs north-south (meet at poles)
  - Measures distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
  - Prime Meridian = 0° longitude (passes through Greenwich, England)
  - International Date Line ≈ 180° (opposite side of Earth)

  ### How They Work Together
  Every location on Earth has a unique latitude and longitude coordinate.
  - New York City ≈ 40.7°N, 74.0°W
  - Tokyo ≈ 35.7°N, 139.7°E
  - Sydney ≈ 33.9°S, 151.2°E

  ### Memory Aid
  - **Latitude** — Lines run flat (like the rungs of a ladder)
  - **Longitude** — Lines run long (from pole to pole)
  - Both are measured in degrees (°)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062439006926_50df322e
type: geography_concept
category: geography/map_reading
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.006926
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.006926
content:
  ## Map Reading Skills

  How to read and interpret different types of maps.

  ### Parts of a Map
  1. **Title** — Tells what the map shows
  2. **Legend/Key** — Explains symbols and colors used
  3. **Scale** — Shows the relationship between map distance and real distance
  4. **Compass Rose** — Shows directions
  5. **Grid** — Lines for finding locations (latitude/longitude)

  ### Color Codes (Standard)
  - **Blue** — Water (oceans, lakes, rivers)
  - **Green** — Low elevation (plains, forests)
  - **Brown** — Mountains and hills
  - **Yellow** — Higher elevation plains
  - **Red** — Cities and major roads

  ### Scale Types
  - **Bar scale** — A ruler showing distance (e.g., 1 inch = 100 miles)
  - **Ratio scale** — Written as a ratio (1:50,000 means 1 cm on map = 50,000 cm in reality)

  ### Map Types
  - **Political** — Countries, states, cities, borders
  - **Physical** — Mountains, rivers, deserts, elevation
  - **Road** — Highways, streets, cities for navigation
  - **Topographic** — Shows elevation with contour lines
  - **Thematic** — Specialized info (population, climate, resources)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062439245600_517e36cc
type: geography_concept
category: geography/hemispheres
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.245600
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.245600
content:
  ## Hemispheres

  How Earth is divided into halves.

  ### Four Hemispheres
  1. **Northern Hemisphere** — Everything north of the Equator
     - Includes: North America, Europe, most of Asia, northern Africa
     - Seasons are opposite to Southern Hemisphere

  2. **Southern Hemisphere** — Everything south of the Equator
     - Includes: South America (part), most of Africa (part), Australia, Antarctica
     - Summer when Northern Hemisphere has winter

  3. **Western Hemisphere** — Everything west of the Prime Meridian
     - Includes: North and South America
     - Mostly between 20°W and 160°W

  4. **Eastern Hemisphere** — Everything east of the Prime Meridian
     - Includes: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia
     - Where most of the world's population lives

  ### Key Dividing Lines
  - **Equator (0° latitude)** — Divides North/South
  - **Prime Meridian (0° longitude)** — Divides East/West
  - Countries can span multiple hemispheres (Russia, USA, France)


entity_id: ent_20260527T062439483671_349ecad7
type: geography_concept
category: geography/natural_wonders
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "geography_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.483671
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:24:39.483671
content:
  ## Natural Wonders of the World

  Spectacular natural features that make geography exciting.

  ### Seven Natural Wonders (popular list)
  1. **Great Barrier Reef** (Australia) — World's largest coral reef
  2. **Grand Canyon** (USA) — Massive canyon carved by the Colorado River
  3. **Mount Everest** (Nepal/China) — Highest point on Earth (29,032 ft)
  4. **Aurora Borealis** (Arctic regions) — Northern Lights, colorful sky display
  5. **Paricutin Volcano** (Mexico) — Rose from a cornfield in 1943
  6. **Harbor of Rio de Janeiro** (Brazil) — Beautiful bay surrounded by mountains
  7. **Victoria Falls** (Zambia/Zimbabwe) — "The Smoke That Thunders"

  ### Other Famous Natural Features
  - **Niagara Falls** (USA/Canada) — Powerful waterfall
  - **Machu Picchu** (Peru) — Ancient ruins high in Andes Mountains
  - **Galápagos Islands** (Ecuador) — Unique wildlife, inspired Darwin
  - **Great Wall of China** — Human-made, but stretches across mountainous terrain
  - **Sahara Desert** (Africa) — Largest hot desert in the world
  - **Amazon Rainforest** (South America) — Largest rainforest, "lungs of the Earth"

  ### Why Geography Matters
  Understanding natural wonders helps us appreciate Earth's diversity
  and the importance of protecting these places for future generations.


entity_id: ent_20260527T064107934164_e7fe7270
type: space_umbrella
category: space
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:07.934164
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Space & Astronomy — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  General knowledge about space, the solar system, planets, stars, and the night sky.
  Complements the science curriculum (which focuses on earth science) by covering
  astronomical concepts not taught in weekly science lessons.

  ### Domains
  - **Solar System:** The Sun and everything that orbits it
  - **Planets:** All 8 planets — what makes each one special
  - **The Moon:** Earth's natural satellite, phases, eclipses
  - **Stars & Constellations:** Night sky, stars, constellations, the Milky Way
  - **Earth in Space:** Day/night, seasons, orbit, rotation

  ### Key Concepts
  - 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
  - The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system
  - The Moon orbits Earth and has 4 main phases
  - Stars are far away suns — they look small because of distance
  - Earth rotates (day/night) and revolves around the Sun (seasons)

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Space knowledge base (general education)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064108182059_871fa2b7
type: space_category
category: space/solar_system
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:08.182059
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## The Solar System

  Our Sun and everything that orbits it — planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and more.

  ### What's in Our Solar System
  - **The Sun** — A star at the center. Holds everything together with gravity.
  - **8 Planets** — Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
  - **Dwarf Planets** — Pluto, Ceres, Eris (smaller than planets)
  - **Moons** — Over 200 known moons orbiting planets (Earth has 1)
  - **Asteroids** — Rocky objects, mostly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
  - **Comets** — Ice and dust that orbit the Sun in long paths, creating tails

  ### Inner vs Outer Planets
  - **Inner (Rocky) Planets:** Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
    - Made of rock and metal
    - Closest to the Sun
    - Smaller, no rings
  - **Outer (Gas Giant) Planets:** Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
    - Made of gas (hydrogen, helium) and ice
    - Farthest from the Sun
    - Larger, have rings and many moons

  ### Key Facts
  - Our solar system is about 4.6 billion years old
  - The Sun contains 99.8% of all the mass in the solar system
  - Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth
  - If the solar system were the size of a basketball court, Earth would be a grain of rice


entity_id: ent_20260527T064108420495_186c976a
type: space_category
category: space/planets
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:08.420495
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Planets of the Solar System

  All 8 planets, ordered from closest to the Sun to farthest.

  ### Order (Memory Aid)
  "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles"
  **M**ercury, **V**enus, **E**arth, **M**ars, **J**upiter, **S**aturn, **U**ranus, **N**eptune

  ### The 8 Planets

  1. **Mercury** — Closest to the Sun, smallest planet
  2. **Venus** — Hottest planet (thick clouds trap heat), "Earth's twin" in size
  3. **Earth** — Our home, only planet known to have life
  4. **Mars** — The "Red Planet", has the tallest volcano (Olympus Mons)
  5. **Jupiter** — Largest planet, Great Red Spot is a giant storm
  6. **Saturn** — Famous for its beautiful rings, could float in water
  7. **Uranus** — Spins on its side, has faint rings
  8. **Neptune** — Farthest planet, very windy and cold

  ### Pluto — Not a Planet Anymore
  Pluto was considered the 9th planet until 2006. Scientists reclassified it
  as a "dwarf planet" because it's small and shares its orbital neighborhood
  with other objects in the Kuiper Belt. It's still interesting though!


entity_id: ent_20260527T064108659614_9ac2f6ed
type: space_category
category: space/moon
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:08.659614
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## The Moon

  Earth's only natural satellite — always with us in the night sky.

  ### Basic Facts
  - The Moon orbits Earth every ~27 days
  - It's about 240,000 miles (384,000 km) from Earth
  - The Moon has no atmosphere (no air), no water, no life
  - Gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of Earth's — you'd bounce if you jumped!

  ### Moon Phases (4 Main Phases)
  1. **New Moon** — Can't see the Moon (dark side faces Earth)
  2. **First Quarter** — Right half lit
  3. **Full Moon** — Entire face lit (brightest)
  4. **Last Quarter** — Left half lit

  The phases repeat in a cycle about every 29.5 days.

  ### Fun Facts
  - The Moon always shows the same face to Earth (tidal locking)
  - The Moon causes ocean tides through its gravitational pull
  - Apollo 11 was the first mission to land humans on the Moon (1969)
  - There are dark patches on the Moon called "maria" (Latin for "seas") — they're actually ancient lava flows
  - You can see craters on the Moon — they're from space rocks hitting the surface


entity_id: ent_20260527T064108899724_2eb6eba5
type: space_category
category: space/stars
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:08.899724
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Stars & Constellations

  The lights in the night sky — our Sun and everything like it.

  ### What Are Stars?
  - A star is a giant ball of hot gas (mostly hydrogen and helium)
  - Stars make their own light and heat through nuclear fusion
  - Our Sun is a star — it looks big because it's closest to us
  - There are billions of stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way)
  - At night, the stars we see are suns from other solar systems

  ### Star Facts
  - Stars come in different sizes, colors, and temperatures
  - Blue stars are hottest, red stars are coolest
  - Some stars are much bigger than our Sun (supergiants)
  - Some stars are smaller (white dwarfs, neutron stars)
  - Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust called nebulae

  ### Constellations
  - A constellation is a pattern of stars that people named after shapes
  - Different cultures saw different patterns in the same stars
  - The stars in a constellation aren't actually close to each other — they just appear that way from Earth

  ### Famous Constellations
  - **Big Dipper** — Looks like a spoon/bucket, part of Ursa Major
  - **Orion** — The Hunter, with a belt of 3 stars
  - **Ursa Minor** — Contains the North Star (Polaris)
  - **Cassiopeia** — Looks like a W or M shape
  - **Scorpius** — Looks like a scorpion (visible in summer)

  ### The North Star (Polaris)
  - Always appears in the north — doesn't move while other stars seem to
  - Used for navigation for thousands of years
  - Found by following the Big Dipper's pointer stars


entity_id: ent_20260527T064109138599_098f558c
type: space_category
category: space/earth_orbit
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.138599
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Earth in Space

  How Earth moves through space and why we have day, night, and seasons.

  ### Earth's Two Main Movements

  **Rotation** — Earth spinning on its axis
  - Takes about 24 hours (one day)
  - Causes day and night
  - The side facing the Sun has daylight, the dark side has night
  - Earth spins from west to east, so the Sun appears to rise in the east

  **Revolution** — Earth orbiting around the Sun
  - Takes about 365 days (one year)
  - Earth's tilted axis + orbit = seasons
  - Earth is about 93 million miles from the Sun

  ### Why We Have Seasons
  - Earth's axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees
  - This tilt stays pointing in the same direction as Earth orbits the Sun
  - **Summer** — Your hemisphere is tilted TOWARD the Sun (more direct sunlight, longer days)
  - **Winter** — Your hemisphere is tilted AWAY from the Sun (less direct sunlight, shorter days)
  - **Spring & Fall** — Transition periods (equal sunlight)
  - Seasons are NOT caused by Earth being closer or farther from the Sun

  ### The Equinox & Solstice
  - **Vernal Equinox** (~March 20) — Day and night are equal (spring begins)
  - **Summer Solstice** (~June 21) — Longest day of the year
  - **Autumnal Equinox** (~September 22) — Day and night are equal (fall begins)
  - **Winter Solstice** (~December 21) — Shortest day of the year


entity_id: ent_20260527T064109379836_3b037904
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/mercury
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.379836
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.379836
content:
  ## Mercury

  The smallest planet and closest to the Sun.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 36 million miles (58 million km) — closest
  - **Size:** Smallest planet (slightly larger than Earth's Moon)
  - **Temperature:** -290°F at night to 800°F during the day (hottest swings!)
  - **Day length:** 59 Earth days (very slow rotation)
  - **Year length:** 88 Earth days (shortest year)
  - **Moons:** None
  - **Rings:** None

  ### What It's Like
  - Surface covered in craters (looks like our Moon)
  - No atmosphere to hold in heat
  - Named after the Roman messenger god (it moves fastest)
  - If you could stand on Mercury, the Sun would look 3× bigger than from Earth


entity_id: ent_20260527T064109619151_c779f451
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/venus
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.619151
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.619151
content:
  ## Venus

  The hottest planet — a runaway greenhouse effect makes it unbearable.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 67 million miles (108 million km)
  - **Size:** Similar to Earth (about 95% of Earth's size) — "Earth's twin"
  - **Temperature:** 900°F (475°C) — hottest planet!
  - **Day length:** 243 Earth days (longer than its year!)
  - **Year length:** 225 Earth days
  - **Moons:** None
  - **Rings:** None

  ### Why So Hot?
  - Thick clouds of carbon dioxide trap heat (greenhouse effect)
  - Like a blanket that never opens — heat gets in but can't escape
  - Hot enough to melt lead!

  ### Fun Facts
  - Venus spins backward (retrograde rotation) compared to most planets
  - Brightest planet in the night sky (after the Moon) — called the "Morning Star" or "Evening Star"
  - Named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty


entity_id: ent_20260527T064109857069_6c505b92
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/earth
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.857069
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:09.857069
content:
  ## Earth

  Our home — the only planet known to support life.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 93 million miles (150 million km) — the "Goldilocks Zone"
  - **Size:** 5th largest planet
  - **Temperature:** Averages about 59°F (15°C)
  - **Day length:** 24 hours
  - **Year length:** 365 days
  - **Moons:** 1 (the Moon)
  - **Rings:** None

  ### Why Life Exists Here
  - **Liquid water** — About 71% of Earth's surface is water
  - **Right temperature** — Not too hot, not too cold ("Goldilocks Zone")
  - **Atmosphere** — Protects us from harmful radiation and holds in heat
  - **Oxygen** — We need it to breathe (plants make it)
  - **Magnetic field** — Protects us from solar wind

  ### Fun Facts
  - Earth is not a perfect sphere — it bulges at the equator
  - About 4.5 billion years old
  - The tallest mountain: Mount Everest (29,032 ft)
  - The deepest ocean point: Mariana Trench (36,070 ft deep)
  - Earth moves through space at about 67,000 mph around the Sun


entity_id: ent_20260527T064110096372_f02e3cae
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/mars
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.096372
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.096372
content:
  ## Mars

  The Red Planet — humanity's next destination for exploration.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 142 million miles (228 million km)
  - **Size:** About half of Earth's size
  - **Temperature:** Averages -80°F (-60°C) — very cold
  - **Day length:** 24 hours 37 minutes (almost the same as Earth!)
  - **Year length:** 687 Earth days
  - **Moons:** 2 (Phobos and Deimos — tiny, potato-shaped)
  - **Rings:** None

  ### Why Is It Red?
  - Iron oxide (rust) in the soil and rocks gives Mars its red color
  - If you left a bike on Mars, it would rust very quickly!

  ### What's on Mars
  - **Olympus Mons** — Tallest volcano in the solar system (3× Mount Everest!)
  - **Valles Marineris** — A canyon system 4,000 miles long
  - **Polar ice caps** — Made of water ice and frozen carbon dioxide ("dry ice")
  - Evidence that Mars once had liquid water

  ### Exploration
  - Rovers: Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity, Perseverance
  - Perseverance is looking for signs of ancient microbial life
  - Many plans to send humans to Mars in the coming decades


entity_id: ent_20260527T064110336613_f2a761fc
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/jupiter
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.336613
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.336613
content:
  ## Jupiter

  The king of the planets — the largest by far.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 484 million miles (778 million km)
  - **Size:** 11× wider than Earth — could fit 1,300 Earths inside it!
  - **Temperature:** -160°F at the cloud tops
  - **Day length:** 10 hours (fastest rotation!)
  - **Year length:** 12 Earth years
  - **Moons:** 95 known moons (and counting)
  - **Rings:** Yes, but faint

  ### The Great Red Spot
  - A giant storm that has been raging for at least 350 years
  - Big enough to swallow Earth 3 times over
  - Wind speeds up to 400 mph

  ### Major Moons (The Galilean Moons)
  - **Io** — Most volcanic world in the solar system
  - **Europa** — Ice-covered ocean underneath — could harbor life!
  - **Ganymede** — Largest moon in the solar system (bigger than Mercury!)
  - **Callisto** — Most heavily cratered object in the solar system

  ### Fun Facts
  - Jupiter is a gas giant — no solid surface to stand on
  - Made mostly of hydrogen and helium (like the Sun)
  - Acts as a "vacuum cleaner" — its gravity protects inner planets from asteroids


entity_id: ent_20260527T064110577047_4a2b0bfc
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/saturn
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.577047
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.577047
content:
  ## Saturn

  The jewel of the solar system — famous for its spectacular rings.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 886 million miles (1.4 billion km)
  - **Size:** 9× wider than Earth — could fit 760 Earths inside it!
  - **Temperature:** -220°F at the cloud tops
  - **Day length:** 10.7 hours
  - **Year length:** 29 Earth years
  - **Moons:** 146 known moons (most of any planet!)
  - **Rings:** The most spectacular in the solar system

  ### Saturn's Rings
  - Made of billions of pieces of ice and rock
  - Range from tiny grains to house-sized chunks
  - Extend up to 175,000 miles from the planet but are only about 30 feet thick
  - There are gaps in the rings caused by moon gravity

  ### Titan — Saturn's Biggest Moon
  - Larger than Mercury and Pluto
  - Only moon with a thick atmosphere
  - Has lakes of liquid methane and ethane
  - Could have conditions for some form of life

  ### Fun Facts
  - Saturn is the least dense planet — it would float in water (if you could find a bathtub big enough!)
  - Has hexagonal clouds at its north pole — a wind pattern unique in the solar system
  - Named after the Roman god of agriculture


entity_id: ent_20260527T064110820008_aedf1032
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/uranus
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.820008
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:10.820008
content:
  ## Uranus

  The sideways planet — it rolls around the Sun on its side.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 1.8 billion miles (2.9 billion km)
  - **Size:** 4× wider than Earth — could fit 63 Earths inside
  - **Temperature:** -350°F — coldest planet!
  - **Day length:** 17 hours
  - **Year length:** 84 Earth years
  - **Moons:** 27 known moons
  - **Rings:** Yes, 13 faint rings discovered in 1977

  ### Why Does It Spin on Its Side?
  - Uranus is tilted 98 degrees — essentially rolling around the Sun
  - Scientists think a massive collision early in its history knocked it over
  - This means each pole gets 42 years of continuous sunlight, then 42 years of darkness

  ### What Makes It Blue-Green?
  - Methane gas in the atmosphere absorbs red light and reflects blue-green
  - Uranus and Neptune are called "ice giants" (different from gas giants)

  ### Fun Facts
  - Discovered by William Herschel in 1781 — first planet found with a telescope
  - Named after the Greek god of the sky
  - The windiest planet with winds up to 560 mph


entity_id: ent_20260527T064111059966_e5574c0e
type: space_concept
category: space/planet/neptune
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.059966
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.059966
content:
  ## Neptune

  The farthest planet — windy, cold, and beautiful blue.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Distance from Sun:** 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion km) — farthest
  - **Size:** 4× wider than Earth (similar to Uranus)
  - **Temperature:** -350°F (very cold)
  - **Day length:** 16 hours
  - **Year length:** 165 Earth years
  - **Moons:** 16 known moons
  - **Rings:** Yes, faint rings

  ### Triton — Neptune's Biggest Moon
  - One of the coldest places in the solar system (-390°F)
  - Orbits backward (retrograde) — probably captured by Neptune's gravity
  - Has geysers that shoot nitrogen gas into space

  ### What Makes It Blue?
  - Methane in the atmosphere absorbs red light and reflects blue
  - The blue is even deeper than Uranus's — Neptune is a rich, vivid blue

  ### Fun Facts
  - Winds on Neptune are the fastest in the solar system (up to 1,200 mph!)
  - Neptune was the first planet found by math — astronomers noticed Uranus's orbit was wobbly and predicted Neptune's position
  - Only been visited once — by Voyager 2 in 1989 (took 12 years to get there!)
  - Takes 165 Earth years to orbit the Sun — it just completed its first full orbit since discovery


entity_id: ent_20260527T064111299791_bfc55992
type: space_concept
category: space/moon_phases
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.299791
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.299791
content:
  ## Moon Phases

  The Moon appears to change shape throughout the month — these changes are called phases.

  ### The 8 Phases (in order)
  1. **New Moon** — Dark, not visible (Moon between Earth and Sun)
  2. **Waxing Crescent** — Thin sliver of light on the right
  3. **First Quarter** — Right half lit
  4. **Waxing Gibbous** — More than half lit, growing
  5. **Full Moon** — Entire face lit (Earth between Moon and Sun)
  6. **Waning Gibbous** — More than half lit, shrinking
  7. **Last Quarter** — Left half lit
  8. **Waning Crescent** — Thin sliver of light on the left

  ### Key Terms
  - **Waxing** = Growing (getting bigger)
  - **Waning** = Shrinking (getting smaller)
  - The full cycle takes about 29.5 days

  ### Memory Aid
  "Wax on, Wane off" — The Moon waxes (grows) from right to left, then wanes (shrinks) from right to left.

  ### Why Do Phases Happen?
  - The Moon doesn't actually change shape
  - We see different amounts of the sunlit side as the Moon orbits Earth
  - The side facing away from us is always dark (night on the Moon)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064111539765_e55a6f8b
type: space_concept
category: space/eclipses
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.539765
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.539765
content:
  ## Eclipses

  When the Sun, Earth, and Moon line up and one blocks the light of another.

  ### Solar Eclipse — Moon blocks the Sun
  - The Moon passes between the Sun and Earth
  - The Moon's shadow falls on Earth
  - You can see it from a small area on Earth
  - Happens during a New Moon
  - **Total solar eclipse:** Moon completely covers the Sun (rare, spectacular!)
  - **Partial solar eclipse:** Moon only partially covers the Sun

  ### Lunar Eclipse — Earth blocks sunlight to the Moon
  - Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon
  - Earth's shadow falls on the Moon
  - You can see it from anywhere on the night side of Earth
  - Happens during a Full Moon
  - The Moon often looks reddish during a lunar eclipse ("Blood Moon")

  ### Why Don't Eclipses Happen Every Month?
  - The Moon's orbit is tilted relative to Earth's orbit
  - Most months, the Moon passes above or below Earth's shadow
  - Eclipses only happen when the Moon crosses the same plane as Earth's orbit

  ### Safety
  - NEVER look directly at the Sun during a solar eclipse without proper eclipse glasses
  - A lunar eclipse is safe to watch with your naked eyes


entity_id: ent_20260527T064111779301_ec52c730
type: space_concept
category: space/constellations
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.779301
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:11.779301
content:
  ## Constellations

  Star patterns that have been named and recognized for thousands of years.

  ### What Are Constellations?
  - A constellation is a group of stars that form a recognizable pattern
  - The stars in a constellation aren't necessarily close to each other — they just appear aligned from our viewpoint on Earth
  - There are 88 officially recognized constellations
  - Different cultures named the same stars differently

  ### Most Famous Constellations

  **Big Dipper (Ursa Major)**
  - Looks like a spoon or bucket
  - The two "pointer" stars point to the North Star
  - Visible year-round in the Northern Hemisphere

  **Orion (The Hunter)**
  - Three stars in a row = "Orion's Belt"
  - Very bright and easy to find in winter
  - One of the most recognizable constellations

  **Ursa Minor (Little Dipper)**
  - Contains Polaris (the North Star)
  - Smaller version of the Big Dipper

  **Cassiopeia**
  - Looks like a W or M shape
  - Easy to spot — it's quite bright
  - Named after a queen in Greek mythology

  **Scorpius**
  - Looks like a scorpion with a curved tail
  - Visible in summer
  - Has Antares, a bright red star (the "heart of the scorpion")

  ### Why Constellations Change Seasonally
  - As Earth orbits the Sun, we face different directions in space at night
  - Different constellations become visible at different times of year


entity_id: ent_20260527T064112018917_96606833
type: space_concept
category: space/the_sun
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.018917
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.018917
content:
  ## The Sun

  The star at the center of our solar system — the source of all energy for life on Earth.

  ### Key Facts
  - **Type:** Star (yellow dwarf / G-type main sequence star)
  - **Size:** 109× wider than Earth — could fit 1.3 million Earths inside!
  - **Temperature:** Surface is about 10,000°F (5,500°C), core is 27 million°F (15 million°C)
  - **Age:** About 4.6 billion years old (middle-aged)
  - **Distance from Earth:** 93 million miles (150 million km)
  - **Light travel time:** 8 minutes and 20 seconds

  ### What Is the Sun Made Of?
  - Mostly hydrogen (73%) and helium (25%)
  - Nuclear fusion in the core turns hydrogen into helium, releasing energy
  - This energy travels outward and reaches us as light and heat

  ### Why the Sun Matters
  - Provides light for daytime
  - Provides heat for Earth's climate
  - Powers plant growth (photosynthesis) — base of the food chain
  - Drives weather patterns (wind, rain, ocean currents)
  - Without the Sun, Earth would be a frozen, dark rock

  ### Sun Features
  - **Sunspots** — Darker, cooler areas on the surface
  - **Solar flares** — Explosions of energy
  - **Solar wind** — Stream of charged particles that causes auroras (Northern/Southern Lights)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064112261959_1f554750
type: space_concept
category: space/asteroids_comets
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.261959
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.261959
content:
  ## Asteroids, Comets & Meteors

  Small objects in space — the debris of planet formation.

  ### Asteroids
  - Rocky objects orbiting the Sun
  - Mostly found in the **asteroid belt** between Mars and Jupiter
  - Range from tiny rocks to Ceres (dwarf planet, 600 miles wide)
  - Made of rock and metal
  - Named after Greek heroes or mythology
  - Sometimes called "minor planets" or "planetoids"

  ### Comets
  - Made of ice, dust, and rock — "dirty snowballs"
  - Orbit the Sun in long, elliptical paths
  - When close to the Sun, ice melts and creates a glowing **tail** that always points away from the Sun
  - Famous comets: Halley's Comet (returns every 75 years), Comet Hale-Bopp (1997)
  - Come from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud (far outside Neptune)

  ### Meteors
  - A **meteoroid** is a small piece of rock or metal in space
  - A **meteor** (shooting star) is what we see when a meteoroid burns up in Earth's atmosphere
  - A **meteorite** is what hits the ground if any piece survives
  - Meteor showers happen when Earth passes through comet debris trails
  - Famous meteor shower: Perseids (August), Leonids (November)

  ### Key Difference
  - Asteroids = rock, in the asteroid belt
  - Comets = ice + dust, with tails
  - Meteors = the streak of light in our sky


entity_id: ent_20260527T064112502762_3c70d807
type: space_concept
category: space/space_exploration
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.502762
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.502762
content:
  ## Space Exploration

  How humans study and travel through space.

  ### Spacecraft
  - **Satellites** — Orbit Earth for communication, weather, GPS
  - **Space stations** — Living labs in orbit (International Space Station)
  - **Rovers** — Drive on other planets (Mars rovers: Curiosity, Perseverance)
  - **Probes** — Fly by or orbit distant planets (Voyager 1 & 2, Cassini, New Horizons)
  - **Telescopes** — Observe space from orbit (Hubble, James Webb)

  ### Rockets
  - Powerful engines that push spacecraft out of Earth's atmosphere
  - NASA's Space Shuttle, SpaceX Falcon rockets, Saturn V (Apollo)
  - Rockets need a LOT of fuel to escape Earth's gravity

  ### Important Milestones
  - 1957: Sputnik — First satellite (Soviet Union)
  - 1961: Yuri Gagarin — First human in space
  - 1969: Apollo 11 — First humans on the Moon (Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin)
  - 1990: Hubble Space Telescope launched
  - 1998: International Space Station assembly begins
  - 2012: Curiosity rover lands on Mars
  - 2021: James Webb Space Telescope launched

  ### The International Space Station (ISS)
  - A space lab orbiting 250 miles above Earth
  - Complete one orbit every 90 minutes
  - Astronauts live and work there for 6+ months at a time
  - Built by NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and CSA together


entity_id: ent_20260527T064112741771_7ff3ab70
type: space_concept
category: space/galaxies
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "space_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.741771
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:12.741771
content:
  ## Galaxies & The Universe

  Our solar system is just one tiny part of a vast cosmos.

  ### What Is a Galaxy?
  - A galaxy is a huge collection of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter
  - Galaxies contain billions to trillions of stars
  - Our galaxy is called the **Milky Way**

  ### The Milky Way
  - Contains about 200-400 billion stars (our Sun is one of them)
  - Spiral shape with arms (like a pinwheel)
  - Our solar system is in one of the spiral arms, about halfway from the center
  - The Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years across
  - There's a supermassive black hole at the center

  ### Types of Galaxies
  - **Spiral** — Pinwheel shape (like the Milky Way)
  - **Elliptical** — Round or oval, no spiral arms
  - **Irregular** — No defined shape

  ### The Universe
  - Contains billions of galaxies
  - The observable universe is about 93 billion light-years across
  - A light-year is the distance light travels in one year (about 6 trillion miles)
  - The universe is still expanding — getting bigger every day
  - The Big Bang happened about 13.8 billion years ago

  ### Scale (to help understand)
  - Earth → Moon: 240,000 miles
  - Earth → Sun: 93 million miles
  - Sun → nearest star: 25 trillion miles (4 light-years)
  - Milky Way: 200+ billion stars
  - Observable universe: 2+ trillion galaxies


entity_id: ent_20260527T064137096728_f6a5225d
type: animals_umbrella
category: animals
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:37.096728
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Animals — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  General knowledge about animal groups, characteristics, life cycles, and adaptations.
  Complements the science curriculum (which covers habitats and ecosystems) by providing
  the classification framework — what makes each animal group different.

  ### Domains
  - **Animal Groups:** Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects
  - **Vertebrates vs Invertebrates:** Animals with and without backbones
  - **Life Cycles:** How animals grow and develop
  - **Adaptations:** How animals survive in their environments
  - **Animal Behavior:** How animals live, hunt, and communicate

  ### Key Concepts
  - Animals are classified by shared characteristics (fur, feathers, scales, etc.)
  - Vertebrates have backbones; invertebrates don't
  - All animals need food, water, and shelter
  - Animals have different life cycles (egg → larva → adult, etc.)
  - Adaptations help animals survive (camouflage, hibernation, migration)

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Animals knowledge base (general education)
  **Note:** Habitats/ecosystems covered in science curriculum (weeks 17-20, 28-29)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064137339087_f82af51f
type: animals_category
category: animals/classification
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:37.339087
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Animal Classification

  How scientists organize and group animals based on shared characteristics.

  ### The Two Main Groups

  **Vertebrates** — Animals with a backbone/spine
  - Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish
  - Have an internal skeleton
  - Usually larger and more complex

  **Invertebrates** — Animals WITHOUT a backbone
  - Insects, Spiders, Worms, Snails, Jellyfish, Starfish
  - Make up about 95% of all animal species!
  - Can still be very complex and interesting

  ### The 5 Major Animal Groups (Vertebrates)
  1. **Mammals** — Have fur/hair, drink milk as babies, warm-blooded
  2. **Birds** — Have feathers, lay eggs, most can fly, warm-blooded
  3. **Reptiles** — Have scales, lay eggs on land, cold-blooded
  4. **Amphibians** — Start in water, grow to live on land, moist skin
  5. **Fish** — Live in water, have gills and scales, cold-blooded

  ### How to Identify Animals
  Ask these questions:
  1. Does it have a backbone? → Vertebrate or Invertebrate
  2. What covers its body? → Fur (mammal), Feathers (bird), Scales (reptile/fish), Moist skin (amphibian)
  3. Where does it live? → Land, Water, or Both
  4. How is it born? → Live birth (most mammals) or Eggs (most others)
  5. Is it warm or cold-blooded? → Warm-blooded (mammals, birds) or Cold-blooded (others)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064137581647_d8b047e1
type: animals_category
category: animals/vertebrates
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:37.581647
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Vertebrates

  Animals with a backbone — the five major groups we study.

  ### What Makes a Vertebrate?
  - Has a backbone (spine) made of bones
  - Has an internal skeleton
  - Usually has a brain and complex organs
  - All vertebrates are chordates (a larger animal group)

  ### The 5 Groups at a Glance

  | Group | Body Cover | Temperature | Babies | Breathes With |
  |-------|-----------|-------------|--------|---------------|
  | Mammals | Fur/Hair | Warm-blooded | Live birth (usually) | Lungs |
  | Birds | Feathers | Warm-blooded | Eggs | Lungs |
  | Reptiles | Scales | Cold-blooded | Eggs (on land) | Lungs |
  | Amphibians | Moist skin | Cold-blooded | Eggs (in water) | Gills → Lungs |
  | Fish | Scales | Cold-blooded | Eggs (in water) | Gills |

  ### Key Differences
  - **Warm-blooded** (mammals, birds): Body stays the same temperature regardless of outside temperature
  - **Cold-blooded** (reptiles, amphibians, fish): Body temperature changes with the environment — they need to sunbathe to warm up!
  - **Lungs** vs **Gills**: Lungs breathe air, gills extract oxygen from water


entity_id: ent_20260527T064137822683_f4acbb68
type: animals_category
category: animals/invertebrates
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:37.822683
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Invertebrates

  Animals without a backbone — the majority of all animal life.

  ### What Makes an Invertebrate?
  - NO backbone or internal skeleton
  - May have an exoskeleton (hard outer shell) instead
  - Usually smaller than vertebrates
  - About 95% of all animal species are invertebrates!

  ### Major Groups

  **Insects** — 6 legs, 3 body parts, often wings
  - Ants, bees, butterflies, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, ladybugs
  - Largest group of animals on Earth

  **Arachnids** — 8 legs, 2 body parts
  - Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

  **Crustaceans** — Hard shell, live in water
  - Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles

  **Mollusks** — Soft body, often with a shell
  - Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, octopus, squid

  **Worms** — Long, soft bodies
  - Earthworms, leeches, flatworms

  **Echinoderms** — Spiny skin, 5-part symmetry
  - Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars

  **Others**
  - Jellyfish (simple, no brain)
  - Sponges (simplest animals)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064138066025_cc71348f
type: animals_category
category: animals/life_cycles
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.066025
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Animal Life Cycles

  How animals grow and develop from baby to adult.

  ### What Is a Life Cycle?
  A life cycle is the series of changes an animal goes through from birth to adulthood.
  All animals reproduce to create new generations.

  ### Types of Life Cycles

  **Direct Development** (simple — baby looks like smaller adult)
  - Most mammals: Baby → Juvenile → Adult
  - Example: A puppy grows into a dog
  - Example: A human baby grows into an adult

  **Metamorphosis** (dramatic change — baby looks very different from adult)
  - Complete metamorphosis: Egg → Larva → Pupa → Adult (4 stages)
    - Butterflies: Egg → Caterpillar → Chrysalis → Butterfly
    - Frogs: Egg → Tadpole → Froglet → Frog
  - Incomplete metamorphosis: Egg → Nymph → Adult (3 stages)
    - Grasshoppers: Egg → Young grasshopper → Adult
    - Dragonflies

  ### Animal Reproduction
  - **Egg-layers (Oviparous):** Birds, most reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects
  - **Live birth (Viviparous):** Most mammals (whales, dogs, cats, humans)
  - **Both:** Some reptiles and sharks give live birth

  ### Life Span Variations
  - Fruit fly: About 30 days
  - Mouse: 2-3 years
  - Dog: 10-15 years
  - Elephant: 60-70 years
  - Giant tortoise: 100+ years


entity_id: ent_20260527T064138305713_baf1e51a
type: animals_category
category: animals/adaptations
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.305713
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Animal Adaptations

  Special features or behaviors that help animals survive.

  ### What Is an Adaptation?
  An adaptation is a feature or behavior that helps an animal survive in its environment.
  Adaptations develop over many generations through natural selection.

  ### Physical Adaptations (Body Features)

  **Camouflage** — Blending in with surroundings
  - Chameleons change color
  - Arctic fox turns white in winter
  - Stick insects look like twigs

  **Protective Coverings**
  - Porcupine quills
  - Turtle shell
  - Crab shell
  - Armadillo armor

  **Specialized Body Parts**
  - Eagle's sharp talons for catching prey
  - Giraffe's long neck for reaching tall trees
  - Whale's blubber for staying warm
  - Bird beaks shaped differently for different foods

  ### Behavioral Adaptations (Actions)

  **Hibernation** — Deep sleep through winter
  - Bears, groundhogs, bats
  - Body temperature drops, heartbeat slows
  - Animal lives off stored body fat

  **Migration** — Traveling long distances seasonally
  - Birds flying south for winter
  - Monarch butterflies to Mexico
  - Wildebeest in Africa

  **Nocturnal** — Active at night
  - Owls, bats, owlets, hedgehogs
  - Avoids daytime heat and predators

  **Playing Dead** — Pretending to be dead
  - Opossums, some snakes and beetles
  - Predators often lose interest in "dead" prey


entity_id: ent_20260527T064138546726_b6db8b6c
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/mammals
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.546726
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.546726
content:
  ## Mammals

  Warm-blooded animals with fur or hair that drink milk as babies.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - Have fur, hair, or both
  - Warm-blooded (constant body temperature)
  - Drink milk from mother when babies (mammary glands)
  - Most give birth to live young (not eggs)
  - Breathe with lungs
  - Have a backbone (vertebrates)
  - Most have teeth

  ### Major Types

  **Land Mammals**
  - Dogs, cats, horses, cows, elephants, giraffes, lions, tigers, bears, rabbits

  **Marine Mammals** (live in water but breathe air)
  - Whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, walruses

  **Flying Mammals**
  - Bats (the ONLY mammals that can truly fly)

  **Aquatic Mammals** (freshwater)
  - Beavers, otters, platypus (lays eggs — one of only two monotremes!)

  ### Interesting Facts
  - The blue whale is the largest animal ever (bigger than any dinosaur!)
  - A kangaroo can't walk backward
  - Elephants can't jump
  - The platypus is a mammal but lays eggs
  - Humans are mammals too!
  - There are about 6,500 species of mammals


entity_id: ent_20260527T064138787061_f9efdf9a
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/birds
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.787061
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:38.787061
content:
  ## Birds

  Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers, beaks, and hard-shelled eggs.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - Have feathers (unique to birds — nothing else has them!)
  - Lay hard-shelled eggs
  - Have beaks (no teeth)
  - Most can fly
  - Warm-blooded
  - Have wings
  - Breathe with lungs

  ### Bird Adaptations

  **Flight Adaptations**
  - Hollow bones (lighter for flying)
  - Strong chest muscles
  - Streamlined body shape
  - Wings for lift

  **Beak Types** (matched to diet)
  - Hooked beaks → Carnivores (eagles, hawks) — tearing meat
  - Thin, pointed beaks → Insect-eaters (warblers)
  - Thick, short beaks → Seed-eaters (finches)
  - Long, thin beaks → Nectar-drinkers (hummingbirds)
  - Filter beaks → Straining water (flamingos)

  ### Major Types

  **Songbirds** — Sing for territory and mates
  - Robins, sparrows, blue jays, cardinals, warblers

  **Water Birds** — Live near or on water
  - Ducks, geese, swans, herons, penguins (flightless!)

  **Birds of Prey** — Hunt for food
  - Eagles, hawks, owls, falcons

  **Flightless Birds**
  - Ostrich (largest bird), penguin, kiwi, emu

  ### Fun Facts
  - The hummingbird can fly backward
  - Owls can turn their heads 270 degrees
  - Penguins can't fly but are excellent swimmers
  - A group of geese is called a "gaggle"
  - Chickens are descendants of the T-Rex (theropod dinosaur)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064139031829_53e34672
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/reptiles
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.031829
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.031829
content:
  ## Reptiles

  Cold-blooded animals with scales that lay eggs on land.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - Have dry, scaly skin
  - Cold-blooded (need sun to warm up)
  - Lay eggs with leathery shells on land
  - Breathe with lungs (even aquatic ones!)
  - Have a backbone (vertebrates)

  ### Major Types

  **Lizards** — Largest reptile group
  - Geckos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors
  - Most have 4 legs (some have none, like snakes)
  - Some can drop their tail when grabbed (regenerates later)

  **Snakes** — Legless reptiles
  - No legs, move by slithering
  - Use tongues to "smell" their environment
  - Some are venomous, most are not
  - Constrictors squeeze prey; venomous snakes inject poison

  **Turtles & Tortoises**
  - Have hard shells for protection
  - Turtles = water, Tortoises = land
  - Box turtles can close their shells

  **Crocodilians**
  - Crocodiles (wider snout), Alligators (narrower snout)
  - Some of the oldest animals on Earth (existed with dinosaurs)
  - Excellent swimmers and ambush predators

  ### Fun Facts
  - Reptiles shed their skin as they grow
  - Chameleons change color for communication, not just camouflage
  - Some reptiles can survive in very hot deserts and cold mountains
  - A Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard (up to 10 feet long!)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064139272405_e9d1e12d
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/amphibians
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.272405
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.272405
content:
  ## Amphibians

  Cold-blooded animals that start life in water and grow to live on land.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - Moist, smooth skin (no scales)
  - Cold-blooded
  - Start life in water (eggs → aquatic babies)
  - Most undergo metamorphosis
  - Breathe through skin and lungs
  - Have a backbone (vertebrates)

  ### The Life Cycle (Frog Example)
  1. **Eggs** — Laid in water, look like jelly balls in clusters
  2. **Tadpole** — Hatches from egg, has gills, tail, lives in water
  3. **Froglet** — Grows legs, lungs develop, tail shrinks
  4. **Adult Frog** — Lives on land, breathes with lungs, eats insects

  ### Major Types

  **Frogs & Toads**
  - Frogs: Smooth skin, long legs, jump well
  - Toads: Warty skin, walk/hop short distances
  - Both eat insects (good for gardens!)

  **Salamanders & Newts**
  - Look like lizards but have moist skin (not scales)
  - Most live near water in damp areas
  - Some can regenerate lost limbs

  **Caecilians**
  - Worm-like amphibians
  - Live underground
  - Rarely seen

  ### Fun Facts
  - Frogs can see in all directions without moving their heads
  - Some frogs freeze solid in winter and thaw out in spring!
  - Poison dart frogs have bright colors to warn predators they're toxic
  - The word "amphibian" comes from Greek for "double life" (water + land)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064139514283_7e717523
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/fish
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.514283
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.514283
content:
  ## Fish

  Cold-blooded animals that live in water, breathe with gills, and have scales.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - Live in water their entire lives
  - Breathe with gills (extract oxygen from water)
  - Have scales (most of them)
  - Cold-blooded
  - Have fins for swimming
  - Lay eggs in water
  - Have a backbone (vertebrates)

  ### Types of Fish

  **Bony Fish** (most fish — about 30,000 species)
  - Have skeletons made of bone
  - Examples: Goldfish, salmon, tuna, clownfish, seahorses, sharks... wait!
    - Actually sharks are NOT bony fish (see below)
  - Have a swim bladder (air sac) that helps them float

  **Cartilaginous Fish** (sharks, rays, skates)
  - Skeleton made of cartilage (like your ear), not bone
  - Sharks have no swim bladder — they must keep swimming to stay up
  - Rays and skates are flat and swim near the bottom

  **Freshwater Fish** — Live in rivers, lakes, ponds
  - Goldfish, trout, catfish, bass, piranha

  **Saltwater Fish** — Live in oceans
  - Clownfish, tuna, salmon (migrate between fresh and salt), angelfish

  ### Fun Facts
  - The anglerfish uses a light to attract prey in the deep ocean
  - Seahorses are fish — the male carries the babies!
  - The fastest fish is the sailfish (68 mph)
  - The largest fish is the whale shark (40 feet long) — but it only eats plankton
  - Fish don't have eyelids — they never blink


entity_id: ent_20260527T064139754503_c598fa06
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/insects
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.754503
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.754503
content:
  ## Insects

  The most numerous animals on Earth — 6 legs, 3 body parts, and often wings.

  ### Key Characteristics
  - 6 legs (always — this is the #1 way to identify an insect)
  - 3 body parts: Head, Thorax, Abdomen
  - Most have wings (usually 2 or 4)
  - Have an exoskeleton (hard outer covering)
  - Antennae on their head
  - No backbone (invertebrates)

  ### Insect Life Cycle (Complete Metamorphosis)
  1. **Egg** — Laid by adult female
  2. **Larva** — Hatches, eats constantly (caterpillar, grub, maggot)
  3. **Pupa** — Transforms inside a case (cocoon, chrysalis)
  4. **Adult** — Emerges with wings, can reproduce

  ### Major Types

  **Butterflies & Moths**
  - Butterflies: Active during day, bright colors
  - Moths: Active at night, usually duller colors
  - Caterpillars are butterfly/moth larvae

  **Bees, Wasps & Ants**
  - Live in colonies with queens
  - Bees make honey and pollinate flowers
  - Ants are incredible workers — some can carry 50× their body weight

  **Beetles**
  - Largest group of insects (400,000+ species!)
  - Have hard wing covers (elytra)
  - Ladybugs, fireflies, June bugs, dung beetles

  **Other Insects**
  - Grasshoppers & crickets (make sound by rubbing legs)
  - Dragonflies (excellent fliers, eat mosquitoes)
  - Flies (complete metamorphosis)
  - Mosquitoes (females need blood for eggs)

  ### Fun Facts
  - Insects make up about 80% of all animal species
  - A butterfly tastes with its feet
  - Fireflies make light using chemicals in their bodies (bioluminescence)
  - Honey never spoils — archaeologists found edible honey in ancient Egyptian tombs


entity_id: ent_20260527T064139995209_7919ad92
type: animal_concept
category: animals/group/spiders
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.995209
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:39.995209
content:
  ## Spiders & Other Arachnids

  8-legged creatures — NOT insects (they have 8 legs, not 6).

  ### Key Characteristics
  - 8 legs (insects have 6)
  - 2 body parts: Cephalothorax (head + chest fused) and abdomen
  - No antennae (insects have them)
  - No wings
  - Most have 8 eyes
  - Make silk (spiders do, others don't)

  ### Spiders
  - Most spiders make webs to catch prey
  - Some hunt actively (wolf spiders, jumping spiders)
  - All spiders have fangs that inject venom
  - Only a few spider species are dangerous to humans (black widow, brown recluse)

  ### Other Arachnids
  - **Scorpions** — Have a stinger on their tail
  - **Ticks** — Parasites that feed on blood
  - **Mites** — Tiny, many types (dust mites live in your house!)

  ### Fun Facts
  - A spider's silk is stronger than steel (by weight)
  - Spiders have 8 eyes but see poorly — they feel vibrations through webs
  - Tarantulas can live for 20+ years
  - Spiders are beneficial — they control insect populations


entity_id: ent_20260527T064140235685_d5734b0d
type: animal_concept
category: animals/herbivores_carnivores
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.235685
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.235685
content:
  ## What Animals Eat

  Animals are classified by what they eat — their diet.

  ### Herbivores — Plant Eaters
  - Eat only plants: grasses, leaves, fruits, seeds, nectar
  - Examples: Cows, deer, rabbits, elephants, giraffes, caterpillars
  - Often have flat teeth for grinding plants
  - Some have special stomachs to digest tough plant fiber

  ### Carnivores — Meat Eaters
  - Eat only meat (other animals)
  - Examples: Lions, tigers, wolves, eagles, sharks, frogs
  - Have sharp teeth and claws for catching prey
  - Sharp canine teeth for tearing meat

  ### Omnivores — Both Plant and Meat Eaters
  - Eat plants AND meat
  - Examples: Humans, bears, raccoons, pigs, crows, chickens
  - Have both sharp and flat teeth
  - Can adapt to different food sources

  ### Other Diets
  - **Insectivores** — Eat only insects (anteaters, bats, woodpeckers)
  - **Piscivores** — Eat only fish (otters, herons)
  - **Frugivores** — Eat mainly fruit (some bats, monkeys)
  - **Detritivores** — Eat decaying matter (earthworms, vultures)

  ### Food Chains
  - Plants make their own food from sunlight (producers)
  - Herbivores eat plants (primary consumers)
  - Carnivores eat herbivores (secondary consumers)
  - Top predators have no natural enemies


entity_id: ent_20260527T064140477475_f3aafb06
type: animal_concept
category: animals/domestic_animals
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.477475
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.477475
content:
  ## Domestic & Farm Animals

  Animals that live with or near humans.

  ### Pets
  - **Dogs** — Most popular pet, loyal, many breeds
  - **Cats** — Independent, good hunters, come in many breeds
  - **Fish** — Goldfish, betta fish, tropical fish
  - **Hamsters/Guinea Pigs** — Small mammals, good for kids
  - **Birds** — Parakeets, canaries, cockatiels
  - **Rabbits** — Herbivores, gentle, need space to hop

  ### Farm Animals
  - **Cows** — Provide milk, beef, leather
  - **Chickens** — Provide eggs and meat
  - **Pigs** — Raised for meat (pork, bacon, ham)
  - **Horses** — Transportation, work, companionship
  - **Sheep** — Provide wool and meat
  - **Goats** — Provide milk and meat
  - **Ducks** — Provide eggs and meat
  - **Bees** — Provide honey and pollinate crops

  ### Working Animals
  - **Horses** — Riding, pulling, ranch work
  - **Dogs** — Herding, guarding, hunting, service dogs, police dogs
  - **Camels** — Transportation in deserts
  - **Elephants** — Work in some countries (being phased out for welfare reasons)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064140719406_218d1bcb
type: animal_concept
category: animals/wildlife
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.719406
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.719406
content:
  ## Wild Animals

  Animals that live without human care — adapted to survive on their own.

  ### African Animals
  - **Lion** — King of the jungle, lives in prides
  - **Elephant** — Largest land animal, very intelligent
  - **Giraffe** — Tallest animal, long neck for reaching trees
  - **Zebra** — Stripes help confuse predators
  - **Cheetah** — Fastest land animal (70 mph)
  - **Gorilla** — Closest living relative to humans (besides chimpanzees)

  ### Asian Animals
  - **Tiger** — Largest cat, orange with black stripes
  - **Panda** — Eats almost only bamboo
  - **Monkey/Chimpanzee** — Closest relatives to humans
  - **Elephant** — Asian elephants are smaller than African

  ### North American Animals
  - **Grizzly Bear** — Large bear, omnivore
  - **Bald Eagle** — National bird of the USA
  - **Wolverine** — Small but fierce
  - **Bighorn Sheep** — Live in mountains
  - **Gray Wolf** — Lives in packs, hunted in groups

  ### Ocean Animals
  - **Blue Whale** — Largest animal ever
  - **Octopus** — 8 arms, very intelligent, can change color
  - **Dolphin** — Very smart, lives in pods
  - **Shark** — Many species, most are not dangerous to humans
  - **Sea Turtle** — Has existed for 200+ million years


entity_id: ent_20260527T064140960966_c1d62084
type: animal_concept
category: animals/hibernation_migration
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.960966
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:40.960966
content:
  ## Hibernation & Migration

  How animals survive seasonal changes.

  ### Hibernation — Winter Sleep

  **What is it?**
  - A deep sleep during winter when food is scarce
  - Body temperature drops, heartbeat slows, breathing slows
  - Animal lives off stored body fat

  **Animals that hibernate:**
  - **Bears** — Don't truly hibernate (torpor), but sleep for months
  - **Groundhogs** — True hibernators, heartbeat drops dramatically
  - **Bats** — Cluster together in caves
  - **Salamanders** — Hibernate in mud at bottom of ponds
  - **Snakes** — Hibernate in groups in underground burrows

  **Summer Sleep (Estivation)**
  - Some animals sleep through HOT summer instead
  - Desert tortoises, certain frogs, lungfish

  ### Migration — Seasonal Travel

  **What is it?**
  - Long-distance travel from one region to another
  - Usually to find food, warmth, or breeding grounds

  **Animals that migrate:**
  - **Monarch Butterflies** — Travel 3,000 miles to Mexico (4 generations complete the round trip!)
  - **Arctic Tern** — Flies from Arctic to Antarctica (longest migration)
  - **Wildebeest** — Travel 1,000+ miles in Africa following rain
  - **Gray Whales** — Swim 5,000+ miles from Arctic to Mexico
  - **Canada Geese** — Fly V-formation to warm areas
  - **Salmon** — Swim upstream to spawn (return to birthplace)

  ### Why Animals Do This
  - Food runs out in winter (hibernation)
  - Weather becomes too cold or dry (migration)
  - Need specific conditions to raise young (both)


entity_id: ent_20260527T064141201496_eb861536
type: animal_concept
category: animals/endangered
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "animals_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:41.201496
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:41:41.201496
content:
  ## Endangered & Extinct Animals

  Animals at risk of disappearing forever.

  ### What Does "Endangered" Mean?
  - **Endangered** — At high risk of extinction (disappearing forever)
  - **Threatened** — Might become endangered soon
  - **Extinct** — No more exist anywhere on Earth
  - **Extinct in the Wild** — Only exist in zoos or captivity

  ### Why Animals Become Endangered
  - **Habitat loss** — Humans cut down forests, build cities
  - **Pollution** — Dirty water, plastic in oceans
  - **Climate change** — Changing weather patterns
  - **Poaching** — Illegal hunting for profit
  - **Invasive species** — Non-native animals outcompete locals

  ### Famous Endangered Animals
  - **Polar Bears** — Ice is melting, less hunting area
  - **Giant Pandas** — Bamboo forests being cut down
  - **Tigers** — Hunted for fur and body parts
  - **Sea Turtles** — Plastic pollution, beach development
  - **Whales** — Were hunted nearly to extinction (now recovering)
  - **African Elephants** — Poached for ivory tusks

  ### Extinct Animals
  - **Dinosaurs** — Extinct for 65 million years (except birds!)
  - **Dodo Bird** — Extinct in 1681, couldn't fly, no predators on its island
  - **Passenger Pigeon** — Once billions, extinct in 1914
  - **Tasmanian Tiger** — Extinct in 1936
  - **Woolly Mammoth** — Extinct about 4,000 years ago

  ### How We Help
  - National parks and wildlife refuges
  - Laws against poaching
  - Captive breeding programs
  - Reducing pollution
  - Protecting habitats


entity_id: ent_20260527T065445841302_4980054b
type: music_umbrella
category: music
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:45.841302
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Music — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  General knowledge about music: what makes music sound the way it does,
  instruments, how to read music, and music in culture.

  ### Domains
  - **Elements of Music:** Pitch, rhythm, tempo, dynamics, melody, harmony
  - **Instruments:** The 5 families of orchestra instruments plus percussion
  - **Reading Music:** The staff, notes, and basic symbols
  - **Music in Culture:** Genres, cultures, and how music connects people

  ### Key Concepts
  - Music has pitch (high/low), rhythm (fast/slow), and dynamics (loud/soft)
  - Instruments are grouped into families: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard
  - Music is written on a staff using notes
  - Different cultures have different musical traditions

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Music knowledge base (general education)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065446094433_095be69c
type: music_category
category: music/elements
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:46.094433
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Elements of Music

  The building blocks that make up all music.

  ### Pitch — How High or Low a Sound Is
  - High pitch = squeaky sound (bird chirping, whistle)
  - Low pitch = deep sound (thunder, bass guitar)
  - Your ears hear pitch all the time — try to identify it!

  ### Rhythm — The Pattern of Sounds in Time
  - Rhythm is the "beat" you tap your foot to
  - Some rhythms are steady (marching), some are syncopated (off-beat)
  - The **beat** is like a heartbeat — the steady pulse underneath the music

  ### Tempo — How Fast or Slow the Music Goes
  - **Allegro** — Fast and lively
  - **Andante** — Walking pace, medium
  - **Adagio** — Slow and gentle
  - Think: Does this song make you want to run or float?

  ### Dynamics — How Loud or Soft the Music Is
  - **Forte (f)** — Loud
  - **Piano (p)** — Soft
  - **Crescendo** — Getting louder
  - **Decrescendo** — Getting softer

  ### Melody — The Tune You Hum
  - A melody is a series of notes that you can remember
  - It's the "tune" — what you'd sing along to
  - Every song has a melody

  ### Harmony — Notes Played Together
  - When two or more notes are played at the same time
  - Harmony supports the melody
  - Chords are groups of notes played together

  ### Timbre — The "Color" or Character of a Sound
  - Why a flute sounds different from a trumpet even at the same pitch
  - Each instrument has its own unique sound quality
  - Your voice has timbre too — that's why you sound like YOU


entity_id: ent_20260527T065446335276_ad62d9ff
type: music_category
category: music/instruments
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:46.335276
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Musical Instruments

  All the different ways people make music — organized by how they create sound.

  ### How Instruments Make Sound
  - **String** — Vibration of strings (plucked, bowed, or strummed)
  - **Woodwind** — Blowing air through a tube (reeds or mouthpiece)
  - **Brass** — Blowing air through a mouthpiece and buzzing lips
  - **Percussion** — Hitting, shaking, or scraping
  - **Keyboard** — Pressing keys that trigger strings or electronics
  - **Voice** — The original instrument!

  ### The 5 Instrument Families

  **1. Strings** (bow or pluck)
  - Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Guitar, Harp, Ukulele

  **2. Woodwinds** (blow through tube)
  - Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, Bassoon, Saxophone

  **3. Brass** (buzz lips into mouthpiece)
  - Trumpet, Trombone, French Horn, Tuba

  **4. Percussion** (hit or shake)
  - Drums, Cymbals, Xylophone, Triangle, Maracas, Gong

  **5. Keyboards** (press keys)
  - Piano, Organ, Harpsichord, Synthesizer

  ### Fun Facts
  - The piano has 88 keys
  - The double bass is taller than a person
  - The drum is one of the oldest instruments in history
  - Some instruments work in more than one family (saxophone is woodwind, not brass)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065446579658_2ed44107
type: music_category
category: music/reading
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:46.579658
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Reading Music

  How written music tells musicians what to play.

  ### The Music Staff
  - Five horizontal lines where notes are placed
  - Notes higher on the staff = higher pitch
  - Notes lower on the staff = lower pitch
  - Spaces between lines also hold notes

  ### The Two Main Clefs

  **Treble Clef (𝄞)** — Also called G Clef
  - Used for higher-pitched instruments
  - Flutes, violins, piano right hand, most singing

  **Bass Clef (𝄢)** — Also called F Clef
  - Used for lower-pitched instruments
  - Cellos, double bass, piano left hand, tuba

  ### Musical Notes
  - There are 7 note names: A, B, C, D, E, F, G — then back to A
  - Notes on the staff tell you WHICH note to play
  - The shape of the note tells you HOW LONG to hold it

  ### Note Values
  - **Whole note** (𝅝) — Hold for 4 beats
  - **Half note** (𝅗𝅥) — Hold for 2 beats
  - **Quarter note** (𝅘𝅥) — Hold for 1 beat
  - **Eighth note** (𝅘𝅥𝅮) — Hold for half a beat (two make a whole quarter note)

  ### Time Signature
  - Two numbers at the beginning of the staff
  - Top number = beats per measure (usually 4, 3, or 2)
  - Bottom number = which note gets one beat (usually 4 = quarter note)
  - 4/4 time = "common time" — most popular music is in 4/4


entity_id: ent_20260527T065446823845_c4653ea5
type: music_category
category: music/culture
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:46.823845
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Music in Culture

  Music connects people across time, place, and language.

  ### Music Genres

  **Classical** — Written by composers, played by orchestras
  - Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Tchaikovsky
  - Formal, structured, often instrumental

  **Jazz** — Improvised, syncopated rhythms
  - Started in New Orleans, USA
  - Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis

  **Rock** — Electric guitars, strong beats
  - The Beatles, Queen, Rolling Stones

  **Pop** — Catchy, radio-friendly
  - Designed to be popular and memorable

  **Country** — Storytelling songs, acoustic instruments
  - Started in rural America, uses guitars, banjo, fiddle

  **Hip-Hop/Rap** — Rhythmic speech over beats
  - Started in the Bronx, New York
  - Often tells stories about life and experiences

  **Folk** — Traditional songs passed down orally
  - Different in every culture
  - Often about daily life, history, and stories

  ### Music Around the World

  **Africa** — Drumming, call-and-response singing, complex rhythms

  **Asia** — Many different traditions
  - China: Erhu (two-stringed fiddle), guzheng (zither)
  - India: Sitar, tabla drums, ragas (melodic frameworks)
  - Japan: Shamisen, taiko drums, koto

  **Latin America** — Dancing rhythms
  - Salsa, samba, tango, bossa nova
  - Lots of percussion and colorful melodies

  **Middle East** — Microtones, ornamental melodies
  - Oud (lute), qanun, darbuka drum

  ### Music & Emotions
  - Fast music → Excitement, energy, happiness
  - Slow music → Calm, sadness, reflection
  - Major key → Happy, bright feeling
  - Minor key → Sad, mysterious feeling
  - Music can change your mood instantly!


entity_id: ent_20260527T065447064562_5d79700b
type: music_concept
category: music/string_instruments
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.064562
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.064562
content:
  ## String Instruments

  Instruments that make sound from vibrating strings.

  ### How They Work
  - Strings are stretched tight over a body
  - When you pluck, strum, or bow a string, it vibrates
  - The body of the instrument amplifies the vibration
  - Thicker strings = lower pitch, thinner strings = higher pitch
  - Shorter strings (pressing down) = higher pitch

  ### The Orchestra String Family

  **Violin** — Smallest, highest-pitched
  - Held under the chin, played with a bow
  - Plays the melody most of the time
  - About 14 inches long

  **Viola** — Medium size, lower than violin
  - Looks like a bigger violin
  - Played the same way (under the chin)
  - Warm, rich sound

  **Cello** — Large, deep sound
  - Held between the knees, rests on the floor with an endpin
  - Can play both melody and bass lines
  - About 4 feet long

  **Double Bass** — Largest and lowest
  - Almost as tall as a person
  - Standing up to play it
  - The foundation of the string section

  ### Other String Instruments
  - **Guitar** — Plucked, 6 strings, very popular
  - **Ukulele** — Small, 4 strings, Hawaiian
  - **Harp** — Many strings, plucked with fingers
  - **Banjo** — Round body, bright twangy sound


entity_id: ent_20260527T065447303971_5138f868
type: music_concept
category: music/woodwind_instruments
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.303971
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.303971
content:
  ## Woodwind Instruments

  Instruments where you blow air through a tube to make sound.

  ### How They Work
  - Air flows through a tube with holes
  - Covering/uncovering holes changes the pitch
  - Some use a reed (a thin piece of cane that vibrates)
  - Some use just your lips (flute)

  ### The Woodwind Family

  **Flute** — No reed, blow across the mouthpiece
  - Silver, shiny, held sideways
  - High, clear, singing sound
  - One of the oldest instruments

  **Clarinet** — Single reed
  - Black, cylindrical tube
  - Warm, mellow sound
  - Can play very low and very high notes

  **Oboe** — Double reed
  - Pointy, narrow reed
  - Bright, piercing sound
  - Often plays the "A" that the orchestra tunes to

  **Bassoon** — Double reed, largest woodwind
  - Long tube folded in half
  - Deep, funny-sounding low notes
  - About 6 feet long when unfolded

  **Saxophone** — Single reed, made of brass (but still a woodwind!)
  - Invented by Adolphe Sax in 1840
  - Used in jazz, classical, and marching bands
  - Comes in sizes: Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone


entity_id: ent_20260527T065447543883_d0c502f6
type: music_concept
category: music/brass_instruments
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.543883
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.543883
content:
  ## Brass Instruments

  Instruments where you buzz your lips into a cup-shaped mouthpiece.

  ### How They Work
  - Your lips vibrate against a mouthpiece
  - The metal tube amplifies the buzz into a musical note
  - Valves or slides change the length of the tube → change the pitch
  - All brass instruments are made of metal (usually brass = copper + zinc)

  ### The Brass Family

  **Trumpet** — Smallest brass, highest-pitched
  - 3 valves, held straight
  - Bright, heroic sound
  - Famous in fanfares and jazz solos

  **Trombone** — Uses a slide instead of valves
  - Push slide in = higher notes, pull out = lower notes
  - Deep, smooth sound
  - The only brass instrument that doesn't use valves

  **French Horn** — Coiled into a circle with a large bell
  - 4 valves, very tricky to play
  - Mellow, warm, almost mysterious sound
  - Used heavily in orchestras

  **Tuba** — Largest brass instrument
  - Sits on your lap
  - Deepest sound in the orchestra
  - The "bass" of the brass section

  ### Fun Facts
  - A trombone slide can extend over 2 feet
  - French horn players use both hands on the valves
  - Trumpet players can play notes higher than a flute!


entity_id: ent_20260527T065447790673_c1e05cae
type: music_concept
category: music/percussion_instruments
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.790673
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:47.790673
content:
  ## Percussion Instruments

  The rhythm section — instruments you hit, shake, or scrape.

  ### How They Work
  - Struck with sticks, mallets, hands, or each other
  - Shaken (maracas, tambourine)
  - Scraped (guiro)
  - Percussion keeps the beat and adds color

  ### Types of Percussion

  **Drums**
  - **Bass drum** — Large, deep thud
  - **Snare drum** — Sharp crack (used in marching bands)
  - **Timpani** — Large kettledrums in the orchestra, tunable
  - **Drum set** — Combination of drums and cymbals (rock music)

  **Mallet Percussion**
  - **Xylophone** — Wooden bars, bright sound
  - **Glockenspiel** — Metal bars, very high and sparkly
  - **Vibraphone** — Metal bars with a motorized vibrato
  - **Marimba** — Large wooden bars, warm sound

  **Idiophones** (the instrument itself vibrates)
  - **Cymbals** — Metal discs, crash or ride
  - **Triangle** — Metal bar in a triangle shape, very high ring
  - **Gong** — Large metal disc, deep boom
  - **Bell** — Metal bell of various sizes
  - **Tambourine** — Ring with jingles, held in hand
  - **Maracas** — Shaken, from Latin America

  ### Fun Facts
  - Percussion is the oldest type of instrument (drumming goes back thousands of years)
  - Some percussion instruments have exact pitches (xylophone, timpani)
  - Some are "unpitched" — they add rhythm but no specific note (snare, cymbals)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065448030275_0d685a14
type: music_concept
category: music/keyboard_instruments
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.030275
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.030275
content:
  ## Keyboard Instruments

  Instruments played with a row of black and white keys.

  ### The Piano
  - 88 keys (52 white, 36 black)
  - Hammers strike strings when keys are pressed
  - Can play melody and harmony at the same time
  - Has a pedal (sustain) that makes notes ring longer
  - Invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1700

  ### Other Keyboards
  - **Organ** — Blows air through pipes, used in churches
  - **Harpsichord** — Plucks strings, used in classical music (Bach)
  - **Synthesizer** — Electronic, can mimic any sound
  - **Accordion** — Has a keyboard on one side, squeezed like a bellows

  ### Piano Basics
  - Keys alternate in groups of 2 and 3 black keys
  - White keys: A, B, C, D, E, F, G (repeating)
  - Middle C is right in the middle of the keyboard
  - The further right you go, the higher the pitch


entity_id: ent_20260527T065448268739_40a974a1
type: music_concept
category: music/singing_voices
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.268739
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.268739
content:
  ## Singing & Voice Types

  The human voice — the most personal musical instrument.

  ### Voice Types

  **Soprano** — Highest female voice
  - Light, bright, can sing very high notes
  - Often sings the main melody

  **Alto** — Lower female voice
  - Warm, rich sound
  - Provides harmony

  **Tenor** — Highest male voice
  - Strong, clear
  - Often sings the melody in male groups

  **Bass** — Lowest male voice
  - Deep, rich, powerful
  - Provides the foundation

  ### How We Sing
  - Air from lungs passes through vocal cords (strings in your throat)
  - Vocal cords vibrate → makes sound
  - Your mouth, tongue, and lips shape the sound
  - Higher notes = tighter/faster vibrating cords

  ### Singing Basics
  - **Pitch** — Sing the right note
  - **Rhythm** — Sing at the right time
  - **Breath support** — Use your diaphragm (belly breathing)
  - **Diction** — Say the words clearly


entity_id: ent_20260527T065448510745_f8f8c4fe
type: music_concept
category: music/dancing
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "music_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.510745
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:48.510745
content:
  ## Dance & Rhythm

  How movement and music go together.

  ### What Is Dance?
  - Movement of the body to music
  - Can be free (improvised) or choreographed (planned out)
  - Every culture has its own dances

  ### Types of Dance

  **Ballet** — Classical, graceful, precise
  - Pointe shoes, tutus, bare feet for men
  - Very technical — takes years to learn

  **Modern/Contemporary** — Free expression, emotional
  - No strict rules, barefoot
  - Focuses on storytelling through movement

  **Hip-Hop** — Street dance, energetic
  - Started in the Bronx in the 1970s
  - Breakdancing, popping, locking

  **Ballroom** — Partner dancing
  - Waltz, foxtrot, tango, cha-cha
  - Formal and elegant

  **Cultural Dances**
  - Salsa (Latin America)
  - Bhangra (India)
  - Traditional Irish step dancing
  - African tribal dances

  ### Rhythm & Counting
  - Music is counted in groups (beats)
  - Most music counts in groups of 4: "1, 2, 3, 4"
  - Waltz is in groups of 3: "1, 2, 3"
  - Marching music often in 2 or 4
  - Clapping along helps you feel the rhythm


entity_id: ent_20260527T065451261824_a8226f71
type: human_body_umbrella
category: human_body
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:51.261824
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Human Body — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  General knowledge about the human body: body systems, senses, skeleton, muscles,
  and how to keep our bodies healthy.

  ### Domains
  - **Body Systems:** How our body works — heart, lungs, digestion, brain
  - **The Five Senses:** Sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
  - **Skeleton & Muscles:** Bones, muscles, and movement
  - **Health & Hygiene:** Keeping our bodies clean and healthy
  - **Growth & Development:** How we grow and change

  ### Key Concepts
  - The body has systems that work together to keep us alive
  - We have 5 senses that help us understand the world
  - Our skeleton gives us structure, muscles help us move
  - Good habits (exercise, healthy food, sleep, hygiene) keep us healthy
  - We grow from babies into children, then adults

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Human body knowledge base (general education)
  **Note:** Five senses mentioned in Science curriculum Week 1


entity_id: ent_20260527T065451498305_df896401
type: human_body_category
category: human_body/systems
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:51.498305
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Body Systems

  Your body has several systems that work together — like a team.

  ### Circulatory System — Heart & Blood
  - The **heart** pumps blood through your body
  - Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to every cell
  - Your heart beats about 100,000 times per day!
  - Blood vessels (arteries and veins) are like pipes that carry blood

  ### Respiratory System — Lungs & Breathing
  - **Lungs** take in oxygen from the air you breathe
  - When you breathe in → oxygen enters your lungs
  - When you breathe out → carbon dioxide leaves your body
  - You breathe about 20,000 times per day without thinking about it!

  ### Digestive System — Breaking Down Food
  - Food travels: Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine
  - **Mouth** — Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces, saliva starts digestion
  - **Stomach** — Mixes food with acids to break it down
  - **Small intestine** — Absorbs nutrients into the blood
  - **Large intestine** — Absorbs water, makes waste

  ### Nervous System — Brain & Nerves
  - The **brain** is the control center — it tells your body what to do
  - **Nerves** carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body
  - When you touch something hot, nerves tell your brain FAST, and your brain tells your hand to pull away
  - The brain also controls thinking, remembering, and feeling

  ### Musculoskeletal System — Bones & Muscles
  - **Skeleton** — Your internal frame (206 bones when you're an adult!)
  - **Muscles** — Attached to bones, they pull to make you move
  - **Joints** — Where two bones meet (knees, elbows, shoulders, hips)

  ### How Systems Work Together
  When you run:
  1. Brain says "go!" (nervous system)
  2. Muscles pull on bones (musculoskeletal)
  3. You breathe faster (respiratory)
  4. Heart pumps faster (circulatory)
  5. Stomach gets nutrients to muscles (digestive)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065451734451_894f2ef8
type: human_body_category
category: human_body/senses
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:51.734451
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## The Five Senses

  How we experience and understand the world around us.

  ### 1. Sight (Eyes)
  - Eyes let us see colors, shapes, and movement
  - Light enters the eye and sends messages to the brain
  - We have two eyes — this helps us see depth (distance)
  - **Eye parts:** Eyelid (protects), pupil (lets light in), iris (gives eye color)
  - **Care:** Don't stare at the sun, take breaks from screens

  ### 2. Hearing (Ears)
  - Ears let us hear sounds — music, voices, birds, cars
  - Sound waves enter the ear and move tiny bones inside
  - The ear has three parts: outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
  - **Care:** Don't put things in your ears, protect from very loud sounds

  ### 3. Touch (Skin)
  - Skin is the LARGEST organ in your body!
  - Touch lets us feel: soft/hard, hot/cold, wet/dry, rough/smooth
  - Special nerve endings in the skin send messages to the brain
  - **Care:** Use sunscreen, wash your skin, keep it moisturized

  ### 4. Taste (Tongue)
  - Your tongue detects 5 basic tastes: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
  - Taste buds are on your tongue — you have about 10,000 of them!
  - Taste works together with smell — that's why food tastes bland when you have a cold
  - Different areas of the tongue detect different tastes

  ### 5. Smell (Nose)
  - Your nose can detect millions of different smells
  - Smell is strongly connected to memory — a smell can remind you of something
  - Smell works with taste to help us enjoy food
  - **Care:** Avoid strong chemicals, keep nose clean

  ### Why Senses Matter
  - Senses help us stay safe (hearing a car coming, touching something hot)
  - Senses help us learn (reading uses sight, listening uses hearing)
  - Senses help us enjoy life (music, food, hugs, flowers)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065451971466_a57daf07
type: human_body_category
category: human_body/skeleton
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:51.971466
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## The Skeleton

  The framework inside your body that gives you shape and protects you.

  ### What the Skeleton Does
  - **Support** — Holds your body up (without bones, you'd be a pile of jelly!)
  - **Protection** — Shields your important organs
  - **Movement** — Muscles pull on bones to make you move
  - **Growth** — Bones grow as you grow

  ### How Many Bones?
  - Babies are born with about 270 bones
  - Some bones fuse together as you grow
  - Adults have 206 bones

  ### Major Bones

  **Skull** — Protects your brain
  - Made of 22 bones that fuse together
  - Protects your most important organ!

  **Rib Cage** — Protects your heart and lungs
  - 24 ribs attached to your spine and breastbone
  - You can feel them under your skin

  **Spine (Backbone)** — Supports your body
  - Made of 33 small bones called vertebrae
  - Lets you bend and twist

  **Femur** — Thigh bone, longest bone in the body
  **Humerus** — Upper arm bone
  **Tibia** — Shin bone (lower leg)

  ### Joints
  Joints are where two bones meet:
  - **Hinge joint** — Opens one way (knee, elbow)
  - **Ball-and-socket joint** — Moves in all directions (shoulder, hip)
  - **Pivot joint** — Rotates (neck, between forearm bones)

  ### Fun Facts
  - Your fingernails are made of the same material as toenails (keratin)
  - Your smallest bones are in your ears (stirrup bone)
  - Your nose and ears never stop growing!


entity_id: ent_20260527T065452211549_3cf22047
type: human_body_category
category: human_body/muscles
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.211549
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Muscles

  The tissues that make your body move — you have about 600 of them!

  ### What Muscles Do
  - **Move your body** — Attached to bones, they contract (shorten) to pull bones
  - **Keep you warm** — Shivering is muscles working fast to make heat
  - **Keep organs working** — Your heart is a muscle that never stops
  - **Control body openings** — Muscles control blinking, swallowing, etc.

  ### Types of Muscles

  **Skeletal Muscles** — The ones YOU control
  - Attached to bones
  - You decide when to use them (voluntary)
  - Examples: Biceps (arm), quadriceps (thigh), calves
  - When one muscle contracts, its partner relaxes

  **Smooth Muscles** — Work WITHOUT you thinking
  - Inside your stomach, intestines, blood vessels
  - They move food through your digestive system
  - You can't control them (involuntary)

  **Heart Muscle (Cardiac)** — Only in your heart
  - Never stops working
  - Beats about 100,000 times per day
  - The ONLY muscle that works without rest

  ### Major Muscles You Can Feel
  - **Biceps** — Front of upper arm (flex your arm)
  - **Triceps** — Back of upper arm
  - **Quadriceps** — Front of thigh
  - **Calf muscles** — Back of lower leg
  - **Abs** — Stomach muscles
  - **Chest muscles** — Push things away from you

  ### How Muscles Work
  - Muscles work in pairs — one pulls, one pushes back
  - When you bend your arm: biceps contracts, triceps relaxes
  - Exercise makes muscles stronger (they grow bigger and more powerful)
  - Muscles need food (protein) and rest to grow


entity_id: ent_20260527T065452448211_ba76b769
type: human_body_category
category: human_body/health_hygiene
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.448211
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Health & Hygiene

  Keeping your body clean, healthy, and strong.

  ### Personal Hygiene

  **Washing Your Hands**
  - Before eating, after using the bathroom, after playing outside
  - Use soap and warm water, scrub for 20 seconds
  - Prevents germs from spreading

  **Brushing Your Teeth**
  - Twice a day (morning and night)
  - Brush for 2 minutes
  - Prevents cavities and keeps breath fresh
  - Replace your toothbrush every 3-4 months

  **Bathing/Showers**
  - Wash your whole body with soap and water
  - Wash hair with shampoo
  - Prevents body odor and removes germs

  **Other Habits**
  - Trim fingernails regularly
  - Use clean clothes daily
  - Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze

  ### Staying Healthy

  **Exercise**
  - At least 60 minutes of physical activity each day
  - Running, jumping, swimming, dancing, biking, sports
  - Makes your heart stronger, muscles bigger, bones denser

  **Sleep**
  - Kids your age need 9-12 hours of sleep per night
  - During sleep, your body grows and repairs itself
  - Being tired affects your mood and learning

  **Healthy Food**
  - Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables
  - Drink plenty of water (8 glasses a day)
  - Limit sugary snacks and sodas

  ### Germs & Immunity
  - Germs (bacteria and viruses) are tiny organisms
  - Some germs make you sick
  - Your immune system fights germs
  - Vaccines train your immune system to fight specific germs
  - Washing hands and covering coughs prevents spreading germs


entity_id: ent_20260527T065452684694_9f37f5f4
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/heart
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.684694
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.684694
content:
  ## The Heart

  Your body's pump — it never stops working.

  ### Key Facts
  - Size of your fist
  - Beats about 100,000 times per day
  - Pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood per day
  - Located in your chest, slightly to the left

  ### What the Heart Does
  - Receives blood from your body (without oxygen)
  - Sends blood to lungs (to get oxygen)
  - Receives fresh oxygenated blood from lungs
  - Pumps it out to every part of your body

  ### Heartbeat
  - You can feel your heartbeat by putting two fingers on your wrist
  - A heartbeat goes "lub-dub" — two sounds
  - Exercise makes your heart beat faster
  - When you rest, it slows down

  ### Keeping Your Heart Healthy
  - Exercise regularly (running, swimming, dancing)
  - Eat healthy foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
  - Don't smoke (secondhand smoke is also bad)
  - Get enough sleep


entity_id: ent_20260527T065452923409_0f5309f4
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/lungs
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.923409
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:52.923409
content:
  ## The Lungs

  Your body's air exchange system — breathing without thinking.

  ### Key Facts
  - You have two lungs (left is smaller to make room for the heart)
  - Made of tiny sacs called alveoli (about 300 million!)
  - If you spread out all your alveoli, they'd cover a tennis court
  - You breathe about 20,000 times per day

  ### How Breathing Works
  1. **Breathe IN** — Diaphragm muscle pulls down, lungs expand, air flows in
  2. **Oxygen** enters tiny blood vessels in your lungs
  3. **Blood** carries oxygen to every cell in your body
  4. **Cells** use oxygen to make energy
  5. **Breathe OUT** — Diaphragm relaxes, lungs shrink, push out carbon dioxide

  ### Air You Breathe
  - The air we breathe is mostly nitrogen and oxygen
  - Oxygen is what our bodies need
  - Carbon dioxide is waste — we breathe it out
  - Clean air is important — pollution hurts lungs

  ### Keeping Lungs Healthy
  - Don't smoke or breathe secondhand smoke
  - Exercise to make your lungs stronger
  - Avoid breathing polluted air
  - Deep breathing exercises are good for you


entity_id: ent_20260527T065453161503_68ded5c6
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/brain
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.161503
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.161503
content:
  ## The Brain

  The most amazing organ — your body's control center.

  ### Key Facts
  - Weighs about 3 pounds (like a cantaloupe)
  - Has about 86 billion neurons (nerve cells)
  - Uses 20% of your body's energy
  - Made of soft tissue — protected by your skull

  ### What the Brain Does

  **Controls Your Body**
  - Tells muscles when to move
  - Controls your heartbeat and breathing
  - Regulates your body temperature

  **Thinking & Learning**
  - Solves problems
  - Remembers things
  - Makes decisions
  - Learns new skills (reading, math, riding a bike)

  **Feelings & Emotions**
  - Happy, sad, angry, scared, excited
  - Your brain creates all your feelings
  - Emotions help you make decisions

  **Processing Senses**
  - Information from eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin all goes to the brain
  - Your brain decides what it all means

  ### Brain Parts
  - **Cerebrum** — Largest part, handles thinking and learning
  - **Cerebellum** — Controls balance and coordination
  - **Brain stem** — Controls breathing and heartbeat

  ### Keeping Your Brain Healthy
  - Learn new things (reading, puzzles, games)
  - Get enough sleep (brain processes memories during sleep)
  - Eat healthy food (brain needs good fuel)
  - Exercise (more blood flow to the brain)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065453403118_67172be6
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/digestion
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.403118
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.403118
content:
  ## Digestion

  How your body turns food into energy and building materials.

  ### The Digestive Journey

  1. **Mouth** — You chew food, saliva starts breaking it down
  2. **Esophagus** — A tube that carries food from mouth to stomach
  3. **Stomach** — Mixes food with acids, turns it into a liquid paste
  4. **Small Intestine** — 20 feet long! Absorbs nutrients into your blood
  5. **Large Intestine** — Absorbs water, turns waste solid
  6. **Exit** — Waste leaves the body

  ### What Happens to Food
  - **Carbohydrates** (bread, pasta, fruit) → Energy
  - **Proteins** (meat, beans, eggs) → Building blocks for muscles
  - **Fats** (butter, oil, nuts) → Long-term energy storage
  - **Vitamins & Minerals** → Help your body work properly
  - **Water** → Keeps everything running smoothly

  ### How Long Does It Take?
  - Stomach digestion: 2-4 hours
  - Small intestine: 2-6 hours
  - Large intestine: 12-36 hours
  - Total: About 24-72 hours from eating to waste

  ### Keeping Digestion Healthy
  - Eat fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
  - Drink plenty of water
  - Chew your food slowly
  - Don't eat too fast or too much at once


entity_id: ent_20260527T065453645478_a0f84cbc
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/blood
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.645478
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.645478
content:
  ## Blood

  The liquid that keeps you alive — flowing through your body 24/7.

  ### What Blood Does
  - Carries oxygen from lungs to every cell
  - Carries nutrients from food to every cell
  - Carries away waste products
  - Fights germs (white blood cells)
  - Stops bleeding (clotting)

  ### Parts of Blood

  **Red Blood Cells** — Carry oxygen
  - Reddish color (from iron)
  - Billions of them in your body
  - Made in your bones

  **White Blood Cells** — Fight infection
  - Part of your immune system
  - Destroy germs that get into your body
  - You have more when you're sick

  **Platelets** — Stop bleeding
  - Tiny cell pieces that clot blood
  - When you get a cut, platelets plug the hole

  **Plasma** — The liquid part
  - Mostly water
  - Carries cells, nutrients, and hormones

  ### Fun Facts
  - Adults have about 1 gallon of blood
  - Your blood travels through about 60,000 miles of blood vessels
  - It takes about 1 minute for blood to make one complete trip through your body
  - Your body replaces about 2 million red blood cells every second


entity_id: ent_20260527T065453884420_5a777d6a
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/skin
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.884420
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:53.884420
content:
  ## Skin

  Your body's largest organ — your first line of defense.

  ### Key Facts
  - Covers your entire body
  - About 20 square feet in adults
  - Made of 3 layers: epidermis (outer), dermis (middle), subcutaneous (deep)
  - Contains nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands

  ### What Skin Does
  - **Protection** — Keeps germs and water out
  - **Sensation** — Lets you feel touch, temperature, pain
  - **Temperature control** — Sweating cools you down
  - **Vitamin D** — Made when skin is exposed to sunlight
  - **Waterproof** — Keeps your insides from drying out

  ### What's on Your Skin
  - **Hair** — Grows from follicles, protects from sun
  - **Fingernails** — Made of keratin, protect fingertips
  - **Sweat** — Cools you down through evaporation
  - **Natural oils** — Keep skin soft and waterproof

  ### Skin Care
  - Wash with soap and water
  - Use sunscreen in the sun
  - Keep wounds clean to prevent infection
  - Drink water to keep skin healthy


entity_id: ent_20260527T065454120762_f0d9dccc
type: human_body_concept
category: human_body/growth
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "human_body_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:54.120762
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:54:54.120762
content:
  ## Growth & Development

  How we grow from babies into adults.

  ### Stages of Growth

  **Baby (0-1 years)**
  - Born about 20 inches long, 7 pounds
  - Learns to smile, roll over, sit up, crawl
  - First steps around 12 months
  - First words around 12 months

  **Toddler (1-3 years)**
  - Learns to walk, run, climb
  - Vocabulary grows fast (from a few words to hundreds)
  - Learns to use the toilet
  - Very curious — asks "why?" a lot

  **Early Childhood (3-6 years)**
  - Better coordination (jumping, hopping, balancing)
  - Learns to read and write
  - Makes friends, plays with others
  - Grows about 2-3 inches per year

  **Middle Childhood (6-12 years)** — Where you are now!
  - Better at complex tasks (reading, math, sports)
  - Grows about 2 inches per year
  - Loses baby teeth, adult teeth come in
  - Thinking becomes more logical

  **Teenager (12-18 years)**
  - Growth spurts (grow very fast!)
  - Body changes (puberty)
  - Voice changes (especially for boys)
  - Thinking becomes more abstract

  **Adult (18+ years)**
  - Growth stops
  - Fully developed body and brain
  - Can have their own children

  ### What Makes Us Grow
  - **Genes** — Inherited from parents (determines how tall, eye color, etc.)
  - **Nutrition** — Food gives your body building materials
  - **Sleep** — Growth hormone is released during deep sleep
  - **Exercise** — Makes bones and muscles strong


entity_id: ent_20260527T065500561377_28b6c7d9
type: food_nutrition_umbrella
category: food_nutrition
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:00.561377
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Food & Nutrition — 2nd Grade Knowledge Base

  General knowledge about food groups, nutrients, healthy eating habits,
  how food grows, and food cultures around the world.

  ### Domains
  - **Food Groups:** The main categories of food and what's in each
  - **Nutrients:** What our bodies need from food (vitamins, minerals, protein, etc.)
  - **Healthy Eating:** Making good food choices every day
  - **Food Science:** Where food comes from and how it's processed
  - **Global Foods:** How different cultures eat different things

  ### Key Concepts
  - We need a variety of foods to get all the nutrients our bodies need
  - Fruits and vegetables give us vitamins and minerals
  - Protein helps our bodies grow and repair
  - Grains give us energy
  - Dairy gives us calcium for strong bones and teeth
  - Water is the most important thing we drink

  **Ingested:** 2026-05-27
  **Source:** Food & nutrition knowledge base (general education)


entity_id: ent_20260527T065500799094_8ebc679f
type: food_category
category: food_nutrition/food_groups
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:00.799094
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## The Food Groups

  All food falls into 5 main groups. Eating from all groups keeps you healthy.

  ### 1. Fruits
  - Grow on trees, bushes, or vines
  - Usually sweet or tart
  - Examples: Apples, bananas, oranges, berries, grapes, watermelon, mangoes
  - Rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants

  ### 2. Vegetables
  - Grow in the ground or above ground
  - Examples: Carrots, broccoli, spinach, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, lettuce
  - Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber
  - Different colored vegetables give different nutrients!

  ### 3. Grains (Carbohydrates)
  - Made from seeds of grasses (wheat, rice, corn, oats)
  - Examples: Bread, pasta, rice, cereal, tortillas, crackers, oatmeal
  - Give you ENERGY — your brain runs on glucose from grains
  - Whole grains are better (more fiber and nutrients)

  ### 4. Protein
  - Helps your body GROW and REPAIR muscles
  - Animal sources: Meat, poultry, fish, eggs
  - Plant sources: Beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, tofu
  - Examples: Chicken, beef, fish, eggs, beans, peanut butter, cheese

  ### 5. Dairy
  - Gives you CALCIUM for strong bones and teeth
  - Examples: Milk, cheese, yogurt
  - Non-dairy calcium sources: Fortified plant milks, leafy greens

  ### The Plate Method
  A simple way to think about a healthy meal:
  - ½ plate = Fruits and Vegetables
  - ¼ plate = Grains
  - ¼ plate = Protein
  - Plus a serving of Dairy

  ### What About Other Foods?
  - **Fats** — Needed in small amounts (avocado, nuts, olive oil)
  - **Sugars** — Give quick energy but too much is unhealthy
  - **Water** — Not a food, but essential! Drink 6-8 glasses daily


entity_id: ent_20260527T065501035871_b00fe40d
type: food_category
category: food_nutrition/nutrients
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.035871
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Nutrients

  The things your body gets from food to stay alive, grow, and feel good.

  ### The 6 Essential Nutrients

  **1. Carbohydrates** — Your body's main energy source
  - Found in: Bread, rice, pasta, fruits, potatoes
  - Your brain and muscles run on carbohydrates
  - Whole grains give slow, steady energy; sugar gives a quick burst

  **2. Proteins** — Building blocks for growth and repair
  - Found in: Meat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, cheese
  - Made of amino acids (the building blocks)
  - Your muscles, skin, hair, and nails are made of protein

  **3. Fats** — Long-term energy, brain health, vitamin absorption
  - Found in: Butter, oil, nuts, avocado, cheese, fish
  - Good fats (unsaturated): Olive oil, nuts, fish, avocado
  - Bad fats (saturated/trans): Fried foods, processed snacks
  - Your brain is 60% fat!

  **4. Vitamins** — Help your body work properly (need small amounts)
  - **Vitamin A** — Eyesight (carrots, sweet potatoes)
  - **Vitamin B** — Energy (whole grains, meat, eggs)
  - **Vitamin C** — Immune system, healing (oranges, strawberries, bell peppers)
  - **Vitamin D** — Strong bones (sunlight, fortified milk, fish)
  - **Vitamin E** — Skin health (nuts, seeds)
  - **Vitamin K** — Blood clotting (leafy greens)

  **5. Minerals** — Hard substances that help your body
  - **Calcium** — Bones and teeth (milk, cheese, yogurt, leafy greens)
  - **Iron** — Carries oxygen in blood (meat, beans, spinach)
  - **Potassium** — Heart and muscle function (bananas, potatoes)
  - **Zinc** — Immune system (meat, beans, whole grains)

  **6. Water** — Essential for EVERYTHING
  - Makes up about 60% of your body
  - Carries nutrients, regulates temperature, removes waste
  - Drink water throughout the day


entity_id: ent_20260527T065501272412_42028686
type: food_category
category: food_nutrition/healthy_eating
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.272412
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Healthy Eating Habits

  Making smart food choices every day.

  ### The Healthy Eating Rules

  1. **Eat a variety of colors** — Different colored fruits and vegetables give different nutrients
  2. **Eat breakfast** — Fuels your brain for learning all morning
  3. **Don't skip meals** — Your body needs regular fuel
  4. **Drink water** — Not soda or juice (too much sugar)
  5. **Eat slowly** — It takes 20 minutes for your brain to know you're full
  6. **Listen to your body** — Eat when hungry, stop when full
  7. **Limit sugar** — Candy and soda are treats, not meals
  8. **Eat at home** — Home-cooked meals are usually healthier

  ### Breakfast Ideas
  - Oatmeal with fruit
  - Eggs and toast
  - Yogurt with granola and berries
  - Smoothie with fruit and milk

  ### Lunch Ideas
  - Turkey and cheese sandwich with fruit
  - Pasta with vegetables and chicken
  - Rice, beans, and salad
  - Leftovers from dinner!

  ### Snack Ideas (Good Snacks)
  - Fruit (apple, banana, berries)
  - Cheese and crackers
  - Carrot sticks with hummus
  - Yogurt
  - Nuts or trail mix
  - Hard-boiled eggs

  ### Foods to Limit
  - Candy and sweets (too much sugar)
  - Soda and sweet drinks
  - Chips and fried foods
  - Fast food (too much salt and fat)
  - These aren't "forbidden" — just enjoy them occasionally as treats!

  ### Why Healthy Food Matters
  - Gives you energy to play and learn
  - Helps your body grow tall and strong
  - Keeps your brain working well
  - Prevents sickness
  - Makes your teeth strong


entity_id: ent_20260527T065501514134_10c27107
type: food_category
category: food_nutrition/food_science
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.514134
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Where Food Comes From

  All food comes from the Earth — either from plants or animals.

  ### Plant Foods

  **From Seeds** — Grains, beans, nuts
  - Wheat, rice, corn, oats (grains)
  - Beans, lentils, peanuts (legumes)
  - Almonds, walnuts, cashews (nuts)

  **From Fruits** — Sweet or tart plant foods
  - Apples, oranges, bananas, berries, grapes, watermelon
  - Technically: tomatoes, peppers, avocados, cucumbers are fruits too!

  **From Vegetables** — Different parts of plants
  - **Roots:** Carrots, beets, radishes, potatoes
  - **Leaves:** Lettuce, spinach, kale, cabbage
  - **Stems:** Celery, asparagus
  - **Flowers:** Broccoli, cauliflower, artichoke

  ### Animal Foods

  **From Cows** — Beef, milk, cheese, butter
  **From Chickens** — Eggs, chicken meat
  **From Sheep** — Lamb, wool (not food!)
  **From Fish** — Salmon, tuna, cod (ocean and lake fish)
  **From Bees** — Honey, beeswax

  ### How Food Gets to You

  **Farm → Processing → Store → Your Kitchen**

  1. **Farming** — Grown on farms or caught from the ocean/lake
  2. **Processing** — Cleaned, packaged, sometimes cooked
  3. **Transportation** — Trucks, ships, trains carry food
  4. **Store** — Grocery store, farmer's market
  5. **Cooking** — Preparing food at home

  ### Organic vs Conventional
  - **Organic** — Grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers
  - **Conventional** — Grown with standard farming methods
  - Both can be healthy — washing produce is important either way

  ### Food Safety
  - Wash fruits and vegetables before eating
  - Cook meat thoroughly to kill germs
  - Keep food cold in the refrigerator
  - Don't leave food out too long (2 hour rule)
  - Check expiration dates


entity_id: ent_20260527T065501750496_7e96110e
type: food_category
category: food_nutrition/global_foods
strength: strong
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.750496
updated_at: 2026-06-01 15:32:42
content:
  ## Food Around the World

  Different cultures eat different foods — all of them have their own traditions!

  ### North America
  - Thanksgiving turkey with stuffing and cranberry sauce
  - Burgers, hot dogs, apple pie
  - Pancakes and waffles for breakfast
  - Corn on the cob in summer

  ### South America
  - **Mexico:** Tacos, burritos, enchiladas, guacamole
  - **Peru:** Quinoa, potatoes (Peru has 3,000+ types!)
  - **Brazil:** Feijoada (bean stew), acai bowls
  - Corn and beans are staples throughout

  ### Europe
  - **Italy:** Pasta, pizza, gelato, bread
  - **France:** Baguettes, cheese, croissants
  - **Greece:** Greek salad, hummus, olive oil
  - **England:** Fish and chips, afternoon tea

  ### Asia
  - **China:** Rice, noodles, dumplings, stir-fry
  - **India:** Curry, naan bread, rice, lentils (dal)
  - **Japan:** Sushi, rice, miso soup, ramen
  - **Thailand:** Pad Thai, green curry, mango sticky rice
  - Rice is the main food in most Asian countries

  ### Africa
  - **Ethiopia:** Injera (flatbread), lentils, stews
  - **Nigeria:** Jollof rice, plantains
  - **Morocco:** Couscous, tagine
  - Grains, beans, vegetables, and spices

  ### Australia
  - Barbequed meats
  - Vegemite (spread made from yeast)
  - Seafood (prawns, fish)

  ### Why Different Foods?
  - **Climate** — What grows where you live determines what you eat
  - **History** — Trade routes brought new foods
  - **Culture** — Families pass down recipes for generations
  - **Religion** — Some religions have food rules

  ### Learning About Other Foods
  - Try a new food at least 3 times before deciding you don't like it
  - Different cuisines use different spices and cooking methods
  - Cooking from other cultures is a fun way to learn about them


entity_id: ent_20260527T065501985730_1592bbb5
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/fruits
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.985730
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:01.985730
content:
  ## Fruits

  Sweet and tangy foods that grow on plants.

  ### Types of Fruits

  **Tree Fruits**
  - Apples — One of the most popular fruits worldwide
  - Oranges — High in vitamin C
  - Bananas — Quick energy, high in potassium
  - Grapes — Grow in bunches, can be dried into raisins
  - Peaches, plums, pears, cherries, mangoes

  **Berries**
  - Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries
  - Tiny but packed with antioxidants
  - Some aren't botanically berries (strawberries) and some are (bananas!)

  **Melons**
  - Watermelon — 92% water, great for staying hydrated
  - Cantaloupe, honeydew

  **Citrus Fruits**
  - Oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits
  - Named after the Latin word for "gift"
  - Very high in vitamin C

  **Tropical Fruits**
  - Pineapple, mango, papaya, kiwi, coconut
  - Grow in warm climates
  - Often sweet and exotic-tasting

  ### Why Eat Fruit?
  - Natural sweetness (better than candy)
  - Fiber helps digestion
  - Vitamins and minerals keep you healthy
  - Antioxidants protect your body from damage


entity_id: ent_20260527T065502219993_ee216763
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/vegetables
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.219993
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.219993
content:
  ## Vegetables

  Colorful, nutritious foods that grow in gardens and farms.

  ### By Color (Each Color = Different Nutrients!)

  **Red:** Tomatoes, red peppers, beets, radishes
  - Lycopene (heart health) — tomatoes

  **Orange/Yellow:** Carrots, sweet potatoes, yellow peppers, corn
  - Beta-carotene → Vitamin A (good eyesight!)

  **Green:** Broccoli, spinach, kale, peas, green beans
  - Iron, calcium, vitamin K
  - Dark leafy greens are super healthy

  **Blue/Purple:** Eggplant, purple cabbage, blue potatoes
  - Antioxidants that protect brain cells

  **White:** Onions, garlic, cauliflower, mushrooms, potatoes
  - Good for immune system and heart

  ### Parts We Eat
  - **Roots:** Carrots, beets, turnips
  - **Stems:** Celery, asparagus
  - **Leaves:** Lettuce, spinach, kale, cabbage
  - **Flowers:** Broccoli, cauliflower
  - **Seeds:** Peas, beans, corn
  - **Bulbs:** Onions, garlic

  ### Cooking Vegetables
  - **Raw** — Crunchy, fresh, keeps all vitamins (salads)
  - **Steamed** — Soft, keeps nutrients (best method)
  - **Roasted** — Sweet, crispy edges (in the oven)
  - **Sauteed** — Quick cooking in a pan with oil


entity_id: ent_20260527T065502455217_0f034c68
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/grains
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.455217
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.455217
content:
  ## Grains & Carbohydrates

  The energy foods — fuel for your brain and body.

  ### What Are Grains?
  - Seeds of grass-like plants
  - The most widely eaten food in the world
  - Made into flour for bread, pasta, and baked goods

  ### Whole Grains vs Refined Grains

  **Whole Grains** (Better!)
  - Contains all 3 parts: bran (fiber), germ (nutrients), endosperm (energy)
  - Examples: Whole wheat bread, brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa
  - More fiber, more vitamins, keeps you full longer

  **Refined Grains**
  - Only the endosperm is left (white flour)
  - Examples: White bread, white rice, regular pasta
  - Faster energy but fewer nutrients

  ### Common Grains
  - **Wheat** — Bread, pasta, cereal, cakes
  - **Rice** — White rice, brown rice, sushi rice
  - **Corn** — Corn on the cob, tortillas, cornmeal
  - **Oats** — Oatmeal, granola
  - **Barley** — Soups, stews
  - **Quinoa** — Technically a seed, but used like a grain

  ### Why Grains Matter
  - Your brain runs on glucose (sugar from carbohydrates)
  - Whole grain fiber helps digestion
  - Grains are filling and satisfying


entity_id: ent_20260527T065502689544_6025c7ff
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/protein
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.689544
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.689544
content:
  ## Protein

  The building blocks of your body.

  ### What Protein Does
  - Builds and repairs muscles
  - Makes hair, skin, and nails
  - Helps fight infection (antibodies are proteins)
  - Helps you feel full longer

  ### Animal Protein Sources
  - **Chicken** — Lean, versatile, one of the most eaten meats
  - **Beef** — Rich in iron and protein
  - **Fish** — Salmon, tuna, cod (also has healthy omega-3 fats)
  - **Eggs** — "Complete" protein (all amino acids), cheap and easy
  - **Dairy** — Milk, cheese, yogurt

  ### Plant Protein Sources
  - **Beans** — Black beans, kidney beans, pinto beans
  - **Lentils** — Small, quick to cook, very nutritious
  - **Nuts** — Almonds, peanuts, walnuts
  - **Seeds** — Sunflower, chia, hemp, pumpkin seeds
  - **Tofu** — Made from soybeans, very versatile
  - **Quinoa** — Complete protein grain

  ### How Much Do You Need?
  - Kids need about 19-34 grams of protein per day
  - That's about 2-3 servings
  - One egg = 6 grams of protein
  - A handful of beans = 7-8 grams
  - A piece of chicken = 20-30 grams


entity_id: ent_20260527T065502924796_9850691b
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/dairy
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.924796
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:02.924796
content:
  ## Dairy & Calcium

  The bone-building foods.

  ### Why Calcium Matters
  - Makes bones and teeth strong
  - Helps muscles work
  - Helps nerves send messages
  - Your body is still building bone until you're about 30

  ### Dairy Foods
  - **Milk** — Cow's milk (whole, 2%, 1%, skim)
  - **Cheese** — Cheddar, mozzarella, Swiss, cream cheese
  - **Yogurt** — Fermented milk, has probiotics (good bacteria)
  - **Butter** — Mostly fat, very little calcium
  - **Ice cream** — Tasty but high in sugar (treat, not a health food!)

  ### Non-Dairy Calcium Sources
  - **Fortified plant milks** — Soy, almond, oat milk with added calcium
  - **Leafy greens** — Kale, collard greens, broccoli
  - **Fortified cereals and juices**
  - **Sardines** — Small fish with edible bones
  - **Tofu** — Made with calcium

  ### How Much Dairy?
  - Kids need about 3 servings of dairy per day
  - One serving = 1 cup of milk, 1.5 oz cheese, or 1 cup yogurt
  - Drink milk with meals for best absorption


entity_id: ent_20260527T065503159427_65961a78
type: food_concept
category: food_nutrition/cooking
strength: moderate
metadata: {"source": "food_nutrition_knowledge_ingest", "date": "2026-05-27"}
created_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:03.159427
updated_at: 2026-05-27T06:55:03.159427
content:
  ## Cooking Basics

  How to prepare food safely and make it taste great.

  ### Cooking Methods

  **Boiling** — Cooking in hot water
  - Pasta, vegetables, eggs
  - Simple and easy

  **Baking** — Cooking in a hot oven
  - Bread, cookies, casseroles, roasted vegetables
  - Uses dry heat

  **Frying/Sauteing** — Cooking in hot oil in a pan
  - Quickly cooks food
  - Can add flavor but also adds fat

  **Grilling/Barbequing** — Cooking over an open flame
  - Outdoor cooking
  - Gives food a smoky flavor

  **Steaming** — Cooking with hot steam
  - Gentle method, keeps nutrients
  - Great for vegetables

  ### Kitchen Safety
  - Always wash hands before cooking
  - Use a cutting board (never cut directly on the counter)
  - Ask an adult to help with knives and the stove
  - Use pot holders for hot things
  - Keep the kitchen clean

  ### Simple Recipes Kids Can Help With
  - **Pancakes** — Mix batter, pour, flip
  - **Smoothies** — Blend fruit and milk/yogurt
  - **Salads** — Wash and chop vegetables
  - **Sandwiches** — Spread, layer, press
  - **Trail mix** — Combine nuts, seeds, dried fruit


entity_id: sv_brand_positioning
type: brand
category: marketing/brand
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:47:59.959696
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:47:59.959696
content:
  SeedVault.Market brand positioning: "Sow Seeds, Secure Sovereignty."

  Core message: Heirloom seeds + Bitcoin payment = food sovereignty and financial self-sovereignty.
  Dual-value proposition: Grow your own food AND transact outside the fiat system.

  Key differentiators:
  - Bitcoin-only payments (via BTCPay Server at btcpay.slicksparks.com)
  - Seeds shipped in resealable Mylar packets (3x longer viability vs paper)
  - Non-GMO, open-pollinated heirloom varieties
  - Seed-saving friendly (open-pollinated = save seeds year after year)
  - Target audience: homesteaders, Bitcoiners, food sovereignty advocates, preppers, new gardeners

  Tagline: "Sow Seeds, Secure Sovereignty"
  Mission statement: "We provide high-quality vegetable and produce seeds through the Bitcoin network, we promote a self-sovereign future where everyone can grow their own food and secure their wealth, free from centralized control."

  Brand voice: Practical, anti-corporate, empowering. Not preachy. Focus on real-world value.


entity_id: sv_brand_voice
type: guideline
category: marketing/brand
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.206918
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.206918
content:
  SeedVault brand voice guidelines:

  TONE: Conversational, knowledgeable, grounded. Like a friend who gardens and knows Bitcoin.
  NOT: Corporate marketing speak, hype, FOMO, aggressive sales language.

  DO:
  - Lead with free value (guides, tips, calendars)
  - Link naturally when relevant
  - Use "hope someone finds it useful" framing for shared content
  - Reference real gardening knowledge (zones, planting dates, companions)
  - Connect Bitcoin to seed sovereignty naturally (both are about self-reliance)

  DON'T:
  - "BUY OUR STUFF" language
  - Forced Bitcoin evangelizing in gardening contexts
  - Overuse emojis in marketing materials
  - Make claims about germination rates without data
  - Compete on price — compete on quality and values

  Platforms: Adapt tone per platform. Facebook groups = community helper. Reddit = genuine contributor. Pinterest = visual resource. Twitter/X = concise value drops.


entity_id: sv_channel_facebook
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.444634
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.444634
content:
  Facebook — Primary organic marketing channel for SeedVault.

  Strategy: Share genuinely useful content in gardening/homesteading groups.
  Content types:
  - Zone-specific planting calendars (PDF)
  - Companion planting guides
  - Seed starting timelines
  - Seasonal "what to plant now" posts
  - Heirloom variety spotlights

  Rules per group vary — check before posting. Some allow direct links, others prefer DM-only.

  Target groups: Homesteading, self-reliance, heirloom gardening, permaculture, Bitcoin gardening.
  Posting frequency: 2-3x/week per group, don't spam same group.
  Engagement: Reply to comments, answer questions — build trust before selling.

  Key insight: Free PDF resources (planting calendars, guides) are shareable assets that spread organically. Track which groups generate the most engagement.


entity_id: sv_channel_reddit
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.683751
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.683751
content:
  Reddit — Community-first approach. Reddit users detect self-promotion instantly.

  Subreddits to target:
  - r/homestead, r/homesteading
  - r/gardening, r/vegetablegardening
  - r/heirloom (heirloom seeds specifically)
  - r/selfreliance, r/offgrid, r/permaculture
  - r/bitcoin (for Bitcoin seed vendor angle)
  - r/FYI (for useful guides)

  Rules:
  - 9:1 ratio — 9 genuine contributions per 1 self-promo
  - Lead with value, mention SeedVault only if relevant
  - Share PDFs to Google Drive or imgur, not direct product links
  - Don't post "check out my store" — post "I made this planting calendar, hope it helps"
  - Engage in comments genuinely

  Best content: Original guides, personal growing experiences, helpful answers to questions.


entity_id: sv_channel_pinterest
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.921829
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:00.921829
content:
  Pinterest — Visual discovery platform, ideal for gardening content.

  Strategy: Pin visually appealing infographics, planting guides, and seasonal content.
  Pinterest users actively search for "when to plant X", "companion planting", "gardening tips" — align content with these search patterns.

  Content types:
  - Planting calendar infographics (zone-specific)
  - Companion planting charts
  - Seed starting guides
  - Seasonal gardening checklists
  - Heirloom variety comparison cards

  Technical:
  - Pin dimensions: 1000x1500px (2:3 ratio optimal)
  - Use descriptive keywords in pin titles and descriptions
  - Link pins to relevant product pages or guides on seedvault.market
  - Board organization: By season, by vegetable type, by gardening topic
  - Consistent branding: Same color palette, logo placement

  Key advantage: Pins have long shelf life — a well-keyworded pin can drive traffic for months.


entity_id: sv_channel_twitter
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.158724
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.158724
content:
  Twitter/X — @SeedVaultMarket

  Strategy: Concise value drops, engagement with gardening and Bitcoin communities.

  Content types:
  - Seasonal planting tips (short, actionable)
  - Heirloom variety spotlights
  - Bitcoin + food sovereignty observations
  - Repinning valuable gardening content
  - Behind-the-scenes: seed packing, shipping, new varieties

  Best practices:
  - Thread format for longer tips (3-5 tweets)
  - Include images when possible (seeds, plants, packets)
  - Engage with gardening accounts and Bitcoin accounts
  - Use relevant hashtags: #heirloomseeds #foodsovereignty #growyourown #bitcoin
  - Don't over-post: 1-2x/day max

  Cross-promotion: Link to longer guides on blog, drive traffic to Pinterest/Facebook for visual content.


entity_id: sv_channel_email
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.399649
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.399649
content:
  Email/Newsletter — Owned audience channel.

  Platform: MailPoet (WordPress integration on seedvault.market)

  Strategy: Build list through:
  - Free resource downloads (planting calendar PDFs)
  - Blog post signups
  - Post-purchase follow-ups

  Content cadence:
  - Monthly seasonal gardening newsletter
  - New variety announcements
  - Bitcoin payment tips for new customers
  - Customer growing stories/photos

  Key segments:
  - New subscribers (welcome series: about us, getting started, Bitcoin payment guide)
  - Customers (post-purchase care guides, seed saving tips)
  - Lapsed buyers (seasonal re-engagement)

  Subject line style: Direct, seasonal, value-first. Not clickbaity.
  Example: "What to Plant in Your Zone This Month" not "You Won't Believe What We're Growing!"


entity_id: sv_channel_wordpress
type: channel
category: marketing/channel
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.636220
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.636220
content:
  WordPress/SEO — On-site content marketing.

  Platform: WordPress.com Business plan with WooCommerce, Yoast SEO.
  Site: seedvault.market

  SEO strategy:
  - Long-tail keywords: "where to buy heirloom tomato seeds with bitcoin", "non-GMO pepper seeds"
  - Grow guides per variety (already have /grow-guides/ structure)
  - Category landing pages with educational content
  - Blog posts targeting gardening questions
  - Product descriptions optimized for search (Yoast SEO green lights)

  Yoast SEO considerations:
  - Focus keyword in title, first paragraph, URL, meta description
  - Internal linking between related product pages and grow guides
  - XML sitemap for Google indexing

  Content types:
  - Grow guides (per variety)
  - Category overview pages (brassicas, herbs, etc.)
  - Seasonal blog posts
  - "How to" guides (seed starting, saving seeds, Bitcoin payment)

  Current: Yoast v27.6, Jetpack integrated.


entity_id: sv_content_planting_calendars
type: content_type
category: marketing/content
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.871084
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:01.871084
content:
  Planting Calendars — Flagship shareable content.

  Format: PDF (WeasyPrint), zone-specific.
  Distribution: Facebook groups, Reddit, Pinterest, email list.

  Content structure:
  - Months across top (Jan-Dec) or seasons
  - Vegetable varieties down the side
  - Color-coded: green=indoor start, blue=outdoor sow, orange=transplant
  - Zone-specific timing (Zone 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
  - Includes frost dates reference

  Key: Must be genuinely useful as a standalone resource.
  Brand: Subtle footer with seedvault.market URL.
  No "BUY NOW" — the calendar IS the value.

  Generation: Use seedvault_marketing_pdf skill with WeasyPrint.
  Output: ~/SeedVault/ad_campaigns/

  This is the #1 organic distribution asset. High shareability in gardening communities.


entity_id: sv_content_companion_guides
type: content_type
category: marketing/content
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.107317
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.107317
content:
  Companion Planting Guides — Educational marketing content.

  Format: PDF infographics or website articles.
  Content: Which plants grow well together, which to separate.

  Why it works:
  - Practical knowledge gardeners actively search for
  - Naturally references multiple product varieties
  - Shareable in gardening communities
  - Positions SeedVault as knowledge source, not just vendor

  Structure:
  - Visual chart showing companion relationships
  - Brief explanation of WHY (pest deterrent, nutrient sharing, etc.)
  - Link to relevant seed products on site

  Cross-reference with brain entity companion_planting data for accuracy.


entity_id: sv_content_variety_spotlights
type: content_type
category: marketing/content
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.342508
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.342508
content:
  Variety Spotlights — Product-focused educational content.

  Format: Social media posts, blog articles, email features.

  Structure per variety:
  - Name and category
  - What makes it special (heirloom history, flavor, yield)
  - Growing tips (days to maturity, spacing, sun requirements)
  - Companion planting suggestions
  - Link to product page

  Example: "Scarlett Nantes Carrot — A 19th century heirloom known for its crisp, sweet flavor. 
  Reaches maturity in 70 days. Great with strawberries and onions. Currently available at seedvault.market."

  Key: Educate first, sell second. The spotlight should be useful even if reader never buys.

  Rotate through product catalog to give each variety exposure over time.


entity_id: sv_content_seasonal_checklists
type: content_type
category: marketing/content
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.576970
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.576970
content:
  Seasonal Checklists — Timely, actionable content.

  Format: Social posts, email newsletters, Pinterest pins.

  Cadence: Monthly, aligned with planting seasons.
  - January: Planning, seed ordering, indoor starts
  - February: Seed starting indoors, soil prep
  - March: Last frost countdown, more indoor starts
  - April: Outdoor sowing begins, transplant prep
  - May: Transplanting, pest monitoring
  - June: Maintenance, succession planting
  - July: Summer harvest, fall crop planning
  - August: Fall seeds, seed saving starts
  - September: Fall planting, seed saving
  - October: Final harvest, seed storage
  - November: Planning next year, tool maintenance
  - December: Seed catalog browsing, indoor herb starts

  Each checklist ties to available products without being salesy.
  "Time to order your fall seeds" vs "BUY FALL SEEDS NOW"


entity_id: sv_audience_homesteaders
type: audience
category: marketing/audience
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.811820
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:02.811820
content:
  Audience: Homesteaders & Self-Reliant Growers

  Profile: Serious about food independence. Grow multiple crops, save seeds, 
  think in seasons. Value heirloom varieties because they can save seeds 
  and maintain genetic diversity.

  Pain points:
  - Finding reliable heirloom seed sources
  - Seed viability (paper packets degrade)
  - Wanting varieties that actually grow well (not just trendy)
  - Prefer cash/Bitcoin over credit cards (sovereignty-aligned)

  Messaging that works:
  - "Mylar packets for 3x seed viability"
  - "Open-pollinated = save your own seeds"
  - Specific variety info (days to maturity, growing conditions)
  - Zone-specific planting advice

  Where they are: Facebook homesteading groups, Reddit r/homestead, 
  Permies forum, local seed swap events.


entity_id: sv_audience_bitcoiners
type: audience
category: marketing/audience
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.047628
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.047628
content:
  Audience: Bitcoiners

  Profile: Already use Bitcoin, value sovereignty. May or may not garden.
  Want to spend Bitcoin on real things.

  Pain points:
  - Limited places to actually spend Bitcoin on physical goods
  - Many "Bitcoin vendors" are crypto bros with low-quality products
  - Want to support real-world Bitcoin adoption

  Messaging that works:
  - "One of the few seed vendors accepting Bitcoin"
  - "Spend your Bitcoin on something that grows"
  - Connect Bitcoin philosophy with seed sovereignty
  - BTCPay Server = no middleman, no fees, instant

  Where they are: r/bitcoin, Bitcoin Twitter, Lightning network communities,
  Bitcoin events, local Bitcoin meetups.

  Note: Don't over-index on Bitcoin angle for gardening content.
  Garden-first, Bitcoin-payment as a feature.


entity_id: sv_audience_new_gardeners
type: audience
category: marketing/audience
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.283198
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.283198
content:
  Audience: New Gardeners

  Profile: Just starting out. Overwhelmed by choices. Need guidance.
  Often urban or suburban with limited space.

  Pain points:
  - Don't know what to plant or when
  - Don't know their growing zone
  - Intimidated by gardening jargon
  - Afraid of wasting money on seeds that won't grow

  Messaging that works:
  - Starter packs (pre-selected varieties for beginners)
  - "Easy to grow" labels
  - Step-by-step guides
  - Zone-specific recommendations
  - Encouraging tone

  Key product: Heirloom Seed Starter Pack ($32)
  Position as: "Everything you need to start your first garden."

  Content for this audience:
  - "How to start seeds indoors"
  - "Best vegetables for beginners"
  - "What month to plant X"
  - Simple, jargon-free language


entity_id: sv_audience_preppers
type: audience
category: marketing/audience
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.515627
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.515627
content:
  Audience: Preppers & Food Security Focus

  Profile: Concerned about supply chain, food security, emergencies.
  Stockpile seeds for resilience. Value long-term storage.

  Pain points:
  - Seed viability over time
  - Want diverse varieties for food security
  - Prefer non-hybrid seeds (can save/replant)
  - Often distrust corporate seed companies

  Messaging that works:
  - "Mylar packets = 3x longer viability"
  - "Open-pollinated = replant next year"
  - "Heirloom varieties proven over generations"
  - Seed saving guidance

  Cross-over: This audience often overlaps with Bitcoiners (sovereignty mindset).

  Content: Seed storage guides, viability timelines, emergency garden planning,
  "seeds for food security" lists.


entity_id: sv_usp_mylar_packets
type: product_feature
category: marketing/usp
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.750499
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.750499
content:
  USP: Mylar Seed Packets

  Every seed at SeedVault ships in resealable Mylar packets instead of paper.

  Why this matters:
  - Paper packets: degrade with moisture/light, seeds lose viability in months
  - Mylar: blocks light and moisture, seeds viable 3x longer
  - Resealable: open partially, reseal, store rest

  Marketing angle: "We couldn't stop at selling seeds — we fixed the packaging too."
  This is a genuine product differentiator. Most seed vendors still use paper.

  Connect to brand: "We're bitcoiners at heart — keeping seeds safe is what we do."
  Parallels with cold storage for Bitcoin: both are about preserving value over time.

  Key stat: 3x longer viability vs paper packets.


entity_id: sv_usp_heirloom_varieties
type: product_feature
category: marketing/usp
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.982702
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:03.982702
content:
  USP: Heirloom, Open-Pollinated Varieties

  All seeds are heirloom, non-GMO, open-pollinated.

  Why this matters:
  - Heirloom: varieties passed down through generations, proven performance
  - Non-GMO: no genetic modification, traditional breeding
  - Open-pollinated: save seeds from year to year, maintain variety
  - Flavor: heirloom varieties often superior in taste vs commercial hybrids
  - Biodiversity: support genetic diversity vs monoculture

  Marketing angle: "Seeds that save themselves." "Grow food, not commodities."
  Each variety has history and story — use that in spotlights.

  Contrast with mainstream: Big ag = F1 hybrids (can't save seeds), GMO, patented.
  SeedVault = everything they're not.


entity_id: sv_usp_bitcoin_payment
type: product_feature
category: marketing/usp
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.215958
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.215958
content:
  USP: Bitcoin-Only Payment

  SeedVault accepts Bitcoin via BTCPay Server (btcpay.slicksparks.com).

  Why this matters:
  - No credit card fees = potentially lower prices
  - No middleman = instant, private transactions
  - Aligns with food sovereignty philosophy
  - Unique — very few seed vendors are Bitcoin-only

  BTCPay specifics:
  - Self-hosted, no third-party custodian
  - No fees on either side
  - Supports Lightning Network for small purchases

  Marketing angle: "Pay for your seeds with Bitcoin."
  Don't make Bitcoin the headline for gardening content — it's a payment method,
  not the product. But for Bitcoin audience, it IS the differentiator.

  Caveat: Bitcoin-only excludes customers who don't use Bitcoin.
  This is intentional — attracts aligned customers, filters out others.


entity_id: sv_marketing_funnel
type: strategy
category: marketing/strategy
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.449745
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.449745
content:
  SeedVault Marketing Funnel

  TOP OF FUNNEL (Awareness) — Free value content:
  - Planting calendar PDFs shared on social platforms
  - Companion planting guides
  - Seasonal checklists
  - Variety spotlights
  - Reddit/Facebook community participation

  MIDDLE OF FUNNEL (Consideration) — Trust building:
  - Website grow guides
  - Blog posts with gardening tips
  - Email newsletter with seasonal advice
  - Customer growing stories/photos
  - Bitcoin payment education (for newcomers)

  BOTTOM OF FUNNEL (Purchase) — Conversion:
  - Product pages with detailed info
  - Category landing pages
  - Starter packs for beginners
  - Seasonal promotions (spring planting, fall planting)
  - Email list re-engagement

  POST-PURCHASE — Retention:
  - Growing tips for purchased varieties
  - Seed saving guides
  - Reviews/testimonials collection
  - Cross-sell related varieties
  - "What to plant next" recommendations

  Key metric: Free content → Website visit → Email signup → First purchase → Repeat


entity_id: sv_content_calendar
type: strategy
category: marketing/strategy
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.684086
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.684086
content:
  SeedVault Content Calendar — Annual marketing rhythm.

  JANUARY:
  - New year garden planning
  - Seed catalog browsing (winter ordering)
  - Indoor seed starting guide
  - Content: "Plan Your Garden for [Year]"

  FEBRUARY:
  - Seed starting indoors (tomatoes, peppers)
  - Last frost date countdowns
  - Content: "Start These Seeds Indoors Now"

  MARCH:
  - Spring planting prep
  - Soil preparation guides
  - Content: "Your Zone X Spring Checklist"

  APRIL:
  - Outdoor sowing begins
  - Transplant prep
  - Content: "What to Plant This Month by Zone"

  MAY:
  - Transplant season
  - Pest management early tips
  - Content: "Transplanting Guide + Seasonal Seeds"

  JUNE-JULY:
  - Summer maintenance
  - Succession planting
  - Content: "Extend Your Harvest — Succession Planting"

  AUGUST:
  - Fall garden planning
  - Seed saving starts
  - Content: "Plant These for a Fall Harvest"

  SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER:
  - Fall planting
  - Seed saving guides
  - Content: "Save Seeds from This Year's Harvest"

  NOVEMBER-DECEMBER:
  - Winter planning
  - Tool maintenance
  - Content: "Plan Next Year's Garden"

  Key: Content should reference available SeedVault products naturally.
  Generate PDFs for top-of-funnel distribution monthly.


entity_id: sv_social_proof
type: strategy
category: marketing/strategy
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.915645
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:04.915645
content:
  Social Proof Strategy for SeedVault

  Current state: "Empowers thousands to grow their own food" — need to verify/track this.

  Sources of social proof:
  1. Customer photos — encourage buyers to share growing results
  2. Testimonials — collect via email follow-up
  3. Growing stories — feature customer gardens
  4. Repeat customers — retention rate as implicit trust signal
  5. Community engagement — comments, shares on Facebook/Reddit

  Actions:
  - Post-purchase email: "How's your garden going? Share a photo!"
  - Create "Customer Gardens" section on website
  - Feature customer photos in newsletters
  - Ask for reviews after confirmed delivery
  - Track and display: "X varieties available", "Y customers served"

  Bitcoin angle: "Join thousands using Bitcoin to grow their own food."

  Important: Keep it genuine. Real photos > stock images. Real names > anonymous.


entity_id: sv_category_brassicas
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.149447
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.149447
content:
  Product Category: Brassicas

  Includes: Kale, Brussels Sprouts, Turnips, Lettuce (butterhead)

  Key varieties: Red Russian Kale, Long Island Brussels Sprouts, Snow Ball Turnips,
  Buttercrunch Butterhead Lettuce.

  Marketing angle: Cold-hardy, nutrient-dense. Good for fall planting.
  Popular with homesteaders for food preservation (kale chips, fermented cabbage).

  Seasonal push: Spring and Fall. Brassicas handle cold well — market as
  "first to plant, last to harvest."


entity_id: sv_category_fruiting_vegetables
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.381889
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.381889
content:
  Product Category: Fruiting Vegetables

  Includes: Tomatoes, Peppers, Cucumbers, Watermelon, Pumpkin

  Key varieties: Roma Tomatoes, Jalapeno Peppers, California Wonder Sweet Pepper,
  Crimson Sweet Watermelon, Jack-O-Lantern Pumpkin.

  Marketing angle: High-value garden crops. Roma tomatoes = canning/sauce.
  Jalapenos = popular, easy to grow. Watermelon = summer favorite.

  Seasonal push: February-March (indoor starts), April-May (outdoor).
  Fruiting vegetables need longest lead time — push seed ordering early.

  Cross-sell: Tomato + pepper + cucumber = classic summer garden combo.


entity_id: sv_category_root_vegetables
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.615559
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.615559
content:
  Product Category: Root Vegetables

  Includes: Beets, Carrots, Sugar Beets

  Key varieties: Bulls Blood Beets, Scarlett Nantes Carrot, Sugar Beets.

  Marketing angle: Bulls Blood Beets = gorgeous purple, great for salads and pickling.
  Scarlett Nantes = classic heirloom carrot, sweet and crisp.

  Seasonal push: Early spring and late summer for fall harvest.
  Root vegetables are direct-sown — no indoor starting needed. Good for beginners.

  Cross-sell: Beets + carrots + turnips = easy fall garden trio.


entity_id: sv_category_herbs
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.849591
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:05.849591
content:
  Product Category: Herbs

  Includes: Basil, Parsley, Catnip

  Key varieties: Large Leaf Basil, Parsley, Catnip (herb).

  Marketing angle: Easy to grow, high use. Basil = kitchen essential.
  Parsley = dual-purpose (edible + ornamental). Catnip = companion plant + pet herb.

  Seasonal push: Spring for outdoor, winter for indoor herb garden.
  Herbs are beginner-friendly — great entry product for new gardeners.

  Cross-sell: Basil + tomatoes = classic companion pair.


entity_id: sv_category_legumes
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.084421
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.084421
content:
  Product Category: Legumes

  Includes: Beans, Peas

  Key varieties: Provider Green Bush Beans, Sugar Lace Snap Peas.

  Marketing angle: Nitrogen-fixing (improve soil), easy to grow, high yield.
  Green beans = backyard garden staple. Snap peas = sweet, edible pods.

  Seasonal push: Early spring (peas are cold-tolerant), summer (beans).
  Succession planting recommended for continuous harvest.

  Cross-sell: Legumes + corn = Three Sisters garden method.


entity_id: sv_category_leafy_greens
type: product_category
category: marketing/product
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.320720
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.320720
content:
  Product Category: Leafy Greens

  Includes: Kale, Celery, Lettuce

  Key varieties: Utah Tall Celery, Red Russian Kale, Buttercrunch Butterhead Lettuce.

  Marketing angle: Fast-growing, cut-and-come-again harvest. Perfect for containers.
  Utah Celery = heirloom variety, great flavor.

  Seasonal push: Spring and Fall. Leafy greens bolt in heat — market as cool-season crops.

  Cross-sell: Leafy greens + root vegetables = quick-harvest spring garden.


entity_id: sv_marketing_metrics
type: metrics
category: marketing/strategy
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.559705
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.559705
content:
  SeedVault Marketing Metrics to Track

  Product/business:
  - ~$1,400/yr revenue (baseline)
  - 32 products in catalog
  - 11 product categories
  - WooCommerce on WordPress.com Business plan

  Social:
  - Twitter/X: @SeedVaultMarket
  - Facebook: SeedVault.Market page + group participation
  - Pinterest: TBD (growth opportunity)

  Website:
  - seedvault.market (WordPress.com, Yoast SEO v27.6)
  - Jetpack integrated
  - BTCPay Server: btcpay.slicksparks.com

  Key metrics to establish:
  - Website traffic by source (organic, social, direct)
  - Email list size (MailPoet)
  - Conversion rate (visitor → customer)
  - Repeat customer rate
  - Content engagement (shares, comments, saves)
  - PDF download counts (if gated)

  Tools: WordPress.com analytics, MailPoet stats, BTCPay transaction logs.


entity_id: sv_campaign_seasonal
type: campaign
category: marketing/campaign
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.792695
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:06.792695
content:
  Campaign Type: Seasonal Planting Push

  Trigger: Seasonal transitions (spring/fall planting seasons).

  Spring campaign (Feb-Apr):
  - Content: "Spring Planting Calendar [Year]" PDF
  - Push: Seed starting guides, frost date tools
  - Products: Indoor-start varieties (tomatoes, peppers)
  - Channels: All social + email newsletter

  Fall campaign (Aug-Oct):
  - Content: "Fall Garden Checklist" PDF
  - Push: Cool-season crops, seed saving
  - Products: Brassicas, root veg, leafy greens
  - Channels: All social + email newsletter

  Execution:
  1. Create PDF content asset (use seedvault_marketing_pdf skill)
  2. Distribute to Facebook groups, Reddit, Pinterest
  3. Email newsletter with seasonal tips
  4. Social posts with variety spotlights
  5. Pinterest pins linking to grow guides


entity_id: sv_campaign_zone_guides
type: campaign
category: marketing/campaign
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.025516
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.025516
content:
  Campaign Type: Zone-Specific Planting Guides

  Concept: Create planting guides for each USDA growing zone (4-9).
  Each guide = shareable PDF with zone-specific planting dates.

  Why it works:
  - Highly specific = highly useful
  - Targets search intent ("when to plant in zone X")
  - Shareable in regional gardening groups
  - Natural product placement ("these seeds are available")

  Execution:
  1. Use planting schedule data from brain entities (zone entries)
  2. Generate PDFs with seedvault_marketing_pdf skill
  3. Distribute to zone-specific Facebook groups
  4. Publish as blog posts on seedvault.market
  5. Create Pinterest pins per zone

  Zones to cover: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (major US population zones).


entity_id: sv_campaign_beginner_series
type: campaign
category: marketing/campaign
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.259411
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.259411
content:
  Campaign Type: Beginner Gardener Series

  Target: New gardeners, urban growers, first-time seed buyers.

  Content series:
  1. "How to Start Seeds Indoors" — timing, supplies, process
  2. "Best Vegetables for First-Time Gardeners" — easy varieties
  3. "Understanding Your Growing Zone" — why it matters
  4. "How to Transplant Seedlings" — step by step
  5. "Your First Garden — What to Buy" — starter pack feature

  Distribution: Blog posts → social snippets → email newsletter.

  Product tie-in: Heirloom Seed Starter Pack ($32) as the "one-click solution."

  Tone: Encouraging, patient, no jargon. Assume zero gardening knowledge.


entity_id: sv_campaign_bitcoin_garden
type: campaign
category: marketing/campaign
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.493620
updated_at: 2026-05-27T10:48:07.493620
content:
  Campaign Type: Bitcoin + Garden Crossover

  Target: Bitcoin community who may not garden yet.

  Concept: Connect Bitcoin philosophy with food sovereignty.
  Both are about self-reliance, sovereignty, and freedom from centralized control.

  Content ideas:
  - "Spend Bitcoin on Something That Grows"
  - "Food Sovereignty + Financial Sovereignty"
  - "Bitcoin Seed Vendor Guide" — how to pay with Bitcoin/ Lightning
  - "Why We're Bitcoin-Only" — brand story
  - Customer stories: Bitcoiners who garden

  Channels: r/bitcoin, Bitcoin Twitter, Lightning communities, Bitcoin podcasts.

  Caution: This audience may not garden. Content must educate on BOTH
  Bitcoin benefits AND gardening basics. Lead with sovereignty values.


entity_id: wp_page_break_debug
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/page_break
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.156304
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.156304
content:
  WeasyPrint Page Break Issues — Root Causes & Fixes

  #1: Content bleeding across pages
  - Cause: No explicit page break controls, flexible content overflows
  - Fix: Use break-inside: avoid on sections, wrap content in fixed-height containers
  - Pattern: .section { break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid; }

  #2: Orphaned titles/headers
  - Cause: Headers fall at bottom of page, content starts next page
  - Fix: break-after: avoid on headers
  - Pattern: h2, h3, .section-title { break-after: avoid; }

  #3: Tables splitting awkwardly
  - Cause: Long tables without row grouping
  - Fix: break-inside: avoid on table rows, or use page-break-inside: avoid on tr
  - Pattern: tr { break-inside: avoid; }

  #4: Single-page overflow (content just barely too long)
  - Cause: No margin budgeting, content exceeds single page
  - Fix: Reduce font sizes, line heights, margins. Test at 8.5x11 with 0.5in margins.
  - Rule: If content > ~4500 chars, it likely needs 2 pages. Don't fight it.

  CRITICAL: @page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.5in; } sets the canvas.
  Everything must fit within that. No margin: auto for centering — use equal @page margins.


entity_id: wp_table_layout
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/table
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.404072
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.404072
content:
  WeasyPrint Table Layout — What Works

  WORKS:
  - Fixed-width tables: table { width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; }
  - Explicit column widths: col { width: X%; }
  - break-inside: avoid on tr to prevent row splitting
  - caption-side: top for table titles

  FAILS:
  - Auto-layout tables with variable content (unpredictable width)
  - Nested tables (rendering is broken)
  - Tables wider than page margins (no horizontal scroll)
  - Table cells with very long text (no word-wrap by default)

  FIX FOR LONG CELL TEXT:
  td { word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; }

  WORKING PATTERN FOR WORKSHEETS:
  <table style="width: 100%; table-layout: fixed;">
    <col style="width: 30%;">
    <col style="width: 70%;">
    <tr style="break-inside: avoid;"><td>Question</td><td>Answer</td></tr>
  </table>

  For multiple choice: Use 4 columns with equal width, not auto.
  For matching exercises: 2 columns, fixed widths, break-inside: avoid on rows.


entity_id: wp_font_rendering
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/fonts
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.647583
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.647583
content:
  WeasyPrint Font Rendering — Known Issues

  GOOGLE FONTS (works):
  @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;600&display=swap');

  LOCAL FONTS (works but needs full path):
  @font-face { font-family: 'Custom'; src: url('/absolute/path/to/font.ttf'); }

  ISSUES:
  - Font weight mapping: 'bold' = 700, '600' needs explicit weight: 600
  - Font fallbacks: Always specify fallback (Arial, sans-serif)
  - Special characters: Some Google Fonts lack IPA symbols, math symbols
  - Font size on page 2+: WeasyPrint doesn't change, but if you use @page with different styles, fonts may not carry over

  WORKING FONT STACK FOR WORKSHEETS:
  font-family: 'Inter', 'Nunito', Arial, sans-serif;
  - Inter for body text (clean, readable)
  - Nunito for headings (friendly for kids)
  - Arial as fallback

  FOR HANDWRITING PRACTICE:
  - Use dashed lines for fence line (red)
  - Solid lines for sky/ground (blue)
  - Font size 24-32px for practice letters
  - Line-height must match line spacing exactly


entity_id: wp_svg_issues
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/svg
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.888221
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:33.888221
content:
  WeasyPrint SVG Rendering — Known Issues & Workarounds

  WORKS:
  - Inline SVG in HTML (not external .svg files)
  - Basic shapes, paths, circles, rectangles
  - SVG with inline styles (not CSS classes)
  - SVG viewBox attribute for scaling

  FAILS:
  - External SVG references (img src="file.svg") — often broken
  - SVG filters, masks, clip-paths (limited support)
  - SVG animations (obviously, it's PDF)
  - SVG with CSS classes (style doesn't apply)
  - Dash patterns sometimes render inconsistently

  WORKING PATTERN FOR MATH DIAGRAMS:
  <!-- Inline SVG, inline styles, explicit viewBox -->
  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 200" width="200" height="200">
    <circle cx="100" cy="100" r="80" fill="none" stroke="#333" stroke-width="2"/>
  </svg>

  FOR FRACTION CIRCLES:
  - Use SVG path with arc commands
  - Color each slice differently
  - viewBox must match the coordinate system

  FOR CLOCK FACES:
  - Circle for outline, lines for hands
  - Numbers as text elements with explicit positioning
  - Keep it simple — no complex transformations


entity_id: wp_css_support
type: reference
category: weasyprint/css
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.128684
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.128684
content:
  WeasyPrint CSS Support — What Works vs Doesn't

  FULLY SUPPORTED:
  - Flexbox (basic layouts, NOT complex centering)
  - Grid (basic, test carefully)
  - @page rules, margin-box
  - Paged media: page-break-before/after/inside, break-before/after/inside
  - Background colors and images
  - Border, padding, margin (box model works)
  - Float (limited, be careful)
  - Position: relative (works), absolute (limited)

  PARTIAL/UNRELIABLE:
  - margin: auto for centering (BROKEN — use @page margins)
  - display: flex with justify-content: center (sometimes works, often doesn't)
  - Position: absolute (works for simple overlays, breaks in complex layouts)
  - Overflow: hidden (works but may clip content unexpectedly)
  - CSS Grid with auto-fit/auto-fill (unpredictable)

  NOT SUPPORTED:
  - Position: fixed
  - JavaScript/DOM manipulation
  - Media queries with screen/print (it's always print)
  - CSS animations/transitions
  - backdrop-filter, mix-blend-mode
  - :hover, :focus, :active pseudo-classes

  SAFEST APPROACH FOR WORKSHEETS:
  - Use @page for page setup
  - Use block elements with explicit widths
  - Center with text-align: center or margin on @page
  - Avoid flexbox for critical layout — use tables or block layout
  - Test every new layout with weasyprint before committing


entity_id: wp_writing_lines
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/writing_lines
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.370800
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.370800
content:
  WeasyPrint Writing Lines (Sky-Fence-Ground) — Proven Implementation

  SKY-FENCE-GROUND FORMAT:
  - Top line (sky): Blue, solid
  - Middle line (fence): Red, dashed
  - Bottom line (ground): Blue, solid
  - Spacing: Consistent vertical rhythm

  TABLE-BASED APPROACH (WORKS):
  Use HTML table with borders styled as writing lines:
  - border-bottom on each row = blue solid line
  - Pseudo-element or inner div = red dashed fence line
  - Consistent row height = consistent spacing

  CSS PATTERN:
  .writing-line {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #4a90d9; /* blue ground */
    height: 1.5em;
    position: relative;
  }
  .writing-line::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0.75em;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #e74c3c; /* red fence */
  }

  TABLE CELL APPROACH:
  td.writing-cell {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #4a90d9;
    height: 40px;
    vertical-align: bottom;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
  }
  /* Red dashed line via inner element */
  td.writing-cell .fence {
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #e74c3c;
    height: 50%;
  }

  ISSUE: border-bottom in tables sometimes renders inconsistently.
  FIX: Use explicit border styles, avoid shorthand. Test with actual weasyprint run.


entity_id: wp_iteration_workflow
type: workflow
category: weasyprint/workflow
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.613552
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.613552
content:
  WeasyPrint Iterative Development Workflow

  THE ONLY RELIABLE APPROACH: Generate → Check → Fix → Repeat

  Step 1: Write HTML/CSS template
  Step 2: Run weasyprint: weasyprint input.html output.pdf
  Step 3: Check page count: pdfinfo output.pdf | grep Pages
  Step 4: If wrong page count, diagnose:
    - Too many pages: Reduce margins, font sizes, line-height
    - Too few pages (bleed): Content overflowed, need page breaks or smaller content
  Step 5: Fix and repeat

  QUICK DIAGNOSIS COMMANDS:
  # Check page count
  pdfinfo output.pdf | grep Pages

  # Check file size (large = complex rendering)
  ls -lh output.pdf

  # Extract text to see what rendered
  pdftotext output.pdf - | wc -l

  COMMON FIX PRIORITY:
  1. Check @page margins — are they too small?
  2. Check for break-inside: avoid on large sections
  3. Reduce font sizes (12px → 11px saves space)
  4. Reduce line-height (1.5 → 1.3)
  5. Reduce padding/margins on elements
  6. Split into multiple pages if content is genuinely too long

  NEVER: Try to squeeze obviously-too-much content onto one page.
  DO: Accept 2 pages when content warrants it, or reduce content.

  TIME SAVES: Generate a test PDF with 1/10 the content first to check layout,
  then scale up. Catches formatting issues before full render.


entity_id: wp_content_budget
type: reference
category: weasyprint/page_budget
strength: strong
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.853833
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:34.853833
content:
  WeasyPrint Content Budget — Rough Guidelines for 8.5x11, 0.5in margins

  Available space: ~7.5in wide x 10in tall

  SINGLE PAGE BUDGET (11px font, 1.4 line-height):
  - Plain text: ~3500-4000 characters
  - With headings/spacing: ~2500-3000 characters
  - With images/SVGs: ~2000-2500 characters
  - With tables: ~2000 characters + table rows

  WORKSHEET-SPECIFIC:
  - 10 writing lines: ~1 page (with title/headers)
  - 16 writing lines: ~1 page (tight, no extras)
  - 20+ writing lines: 2 pages
  - 10 multiple choice Qs: ~1 page
  - 5 long answer Qs: ~1 page
  - 100s chart + 10 problems: ~1 page

  MULTI-PAGE TRIGGERS:
  - If you have 3+ sections with headers: likely 2 pages
  - If content has both text AND large visual elements: 2 pages
  - If you're not sure: generate, check, don't guess

  MARGIN BUDGET:
  @page { margin: 0.5in; } = standard
  @page { margin: 0.3in; } = tight (more content fits)
  @page { margin: 0.7in; } = spacious (less content, more breathing room)

  RULE OF THUMB: If your HTML is > 50 lines of content (not CSS), budget 2 pages.


entity_id: wp_color_printing
type: tool_quirk
category: weasyprint/color
strength: moderate
metadata: {}
created_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:35.093651
updated_at: 2026-05-27T11:35:35.093651
content:
  WeasyPrint Color — Print vs Digital Considerations

  FOR WORKSHEETS (printed on home printer):
  - Use standard colors (hex), avoid gradients
  - Blue (#4a90d9) and red (#e74c3c) work well for writing lines
  - Avoid very light colors (wash out on cheap printers)
  - Background colors: use sparingly (ink cost, may not print well)

  COLOR PATTERNS THAT WORK:
  - Section headers: Solid color background + white text
    h2 { background: #4a90d9; color: white; padding: 4px 8px; }
  - Accent lines: border-top/bottom with color
  - Highlight boxes: background-color + border
    .highlight { background: #fff3cd; border-left: 3px solid #ffc107; padding: 8px; }

  AVOID:
  - Full-page backgrounds (wastes ink, may not print)
  - Very dark backgrounds with dark text (unreadable)
  - Rainbow colors (distracting for kids, wastes ink)
  - Semi-transparent overlays (inconsistent across PDF viewers)

  TEST: Always print a test page on actual printer, not just screen preview.
  Colors render differently on paper vs display.


