#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Week 28: Repeated Addition → Multiplication Phase 5: Multiplication Introduction Standards: 2.OA.A.4 — connect repeated addition to multiplication notation New Standard: - Reduced drill (4-6 problems per section) - Estimation before calculating - Multiple strategies (repeated addition vs skip counting vs arrays) - Better word problems (reasoning, "groups of" vocabulary) - Open-ended challenges (Create Your Own) - Number talks (explain WITHOUT calculating) - Friday self-check with emoji reflection """ import os import glob from weasyprint import HTML from math_helpers import ( CSS, TEACHER_CSS, page, page_multi, hdr, sec, b, bw, bl, tg_page_multi, tg_sec, tg_note, tg_section_title, array_svg, eq_group_svg, grid_svg, star_svg, medal_svg, trophy_svg, check_svg, times_table_html, skip_count_html, mini_chart_html, ) from activity_builders import ( build_equal_groups, build_skip_counting, build_times_table, build_challenge_box, build_two_step_problems, ) BASE = os.path.expanduser("~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/Math") WEEK = os.path.join(BASE, "Week_28") # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # MONDAY — Meet the × Sign # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def monday(): # 1: Fluency warmup — repeated addition review s1 = '

'\ '

2-min Fluency Warm-up — Add the equal groups in your head.

'\ '

' for expr in ["4 + 4", "3 + 3 + 3", "5 + 5", "2 + 2 + 2 + 2"]: s1 += f'

{expr} = {b("3em")}

' s1 += '

' # 2: The × sign — guided intro (new concept) s2 = '

The × sign means "groups of." '\ '3 × 4 means "3 groups of 4" — the same as 4 + 4 + 4!

'\ '

' examples = [ (3, 4, "4 + 4 + 4"), (2, 5, "5 + 5"), ] for g, n, add in examples: pic = ''.join(eq_group_svg(n) for _ in range(g)) s2 += f'

{pic}'\ f'

{add} = {g * n}

'\ f'

{g} × {n} = {g * n}

'\ '

Say it: "' + f'{g} groups of {n}' + '"

' s2 += '

' # 3: Match repeated addition to multiplication (reduced from 6 to 4) s3 = '

Write the multiplication sentence that matches. The first number is HOW MANY groups.

'\ '

' for add, g, n in [("3 + 3 + 3 + 3", 4, 3), ("6 + 6", 2, 6), ("2 + 2 + 2", 3, 2), ("5 + 5 + 5", 3, 5)]: s3 += f'

{add} = {g * n}

'\ f'

{b("3em")} × {b("3em")} = {b("5em")}

' s3 += '

' # 4: Number Talk — what does × mean? s4 = '

'\ '

Number Talk — Explain WITHOUT calculating.

'\ '

' s4 += '

Ben says 4 × 2 means "4 + 2."

'\ '

Is Ben right? What does 4 × 2 REALLY mean?

'\ '

My thinking: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

Which is bigger: 5 × 2 or 5 + 2?

'\ '

How do you know?

'\ '

My thinking: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

' # 5: Challenge — write it three ways s5 = '

'\ '

Challenge — Show 4 × 3 in two different ways: '\ 'as repeated addition AND as a drawing (groups or an array).

'\ '

Way 1 (repeated addition): ' + bw("12em") + '

'\ '

Way 2 (drawing):

'\ '

4 × 3 = ' + b("3em") + '

'\ '

' return page(28, "Monday", "Meet the × Sign", f'''{sec(1, "Warm-up: Add Equal Groups", s1)} {sec(2, "The × Sign Means Groups Of", s2)} {sec(3, "Match: Addition to Multiplication", s3)} {sec(4, "Number Talk: What Does × Mean?", s4)} {sec(5, "Challenge: Show Two Different Ways", s5)}''') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # TUESDAY — From Pictures to Multiplication # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def tuesday(): # 1: Fluency warmup — skip count by 3s s1 = '

'\ '

2-min Fluency Warm-up — Skip count by 3s.

' s1 += build_skip_counting({ "sequences": [ {"start": 3, "step": 3, "count": 8, "blank_indices": [3, 6]}, {"start": 3, "step": 3, "count": 8, "blank_indices": [2, 5, 7]}, ], "note": "Counting by 3s helps with the 3s times table!" }) s1 += '

' # 2: Pictures → three equations (reduced to 4) s2 = '

For each picture write BOTH equations: the addition AND the multiplication.

'\ '

' for r, c in [(3, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (3, 5)]: s2 += f'

{array_svg(r, c)}'\ '

Addition: ' + bw("10em") + '

'\ f'

{b("3em")} × {b("3em")} = {b("5em")}

' s2 += '

' # 3: Estimate First! — will it be more or less than 20? s3 = '

'\ '

Estimate First! Before you solve, circle: will the answer be '\ 'MORE or LESS than 20? Then solve.

'\ '

' for g, n in [(3, 5), (4, 6), (2, 7), (5, 5)]: s3 += f'

{g} × {n}

'\ '

more than 20 / less than 20

'\ f'

Actual: {b("3em")}

' s3 += '

' # 4: Multiplication → repeated addition (reverse direction, reduced to 4) s4 = '

Now go backwards! Write each multiplication as repeated addition, then solve.

'\ '

' for g, n in [(3, 6), (4, 4), (2, 8), (5, 3)]: s4 += f'

{g} × {n}

'\ '

Repeated addition: ' + bw("10em") + '

'\ f'

Answer: {b("3em")}

' s4 += '

' # 5: Challenge — two strategies for one problem s5 = '

'\ '

Show Two Different Ways — Solve 4 × 5 two ways: '\ '(1) repeated addition, (2) skip counting.

'\ '

Way 1 (addition): 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = ' + b("3em") + '

'\ '

Way 2 (skip count by 5s, four times): 5, ___, ___, ___

'\ '

4 × 5 = ' + b("3em") + '

'\ '

Which way felt faster for you? ' + bw() + '

'\ '

' return page(28, "Tuesday", "From Pictures to Multiplication", f'''{sec(1, "Warm-up: Skip Count by 3s", s1)} {sec(2, "Two Equations for One Picture", s2)} {sec(3, "Estimate First!", s3)} {sec(4, "Multiplication Back to Addition", s4)} {sec(5, "Show Two Different Ways", s5)}''') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # WEDNESDAY — Reading & Writing Multiplication # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def wednesday(): # 1: Fluency warmup — quick equal-group adds s1 = '

'\ '

2-min Fluency Warm-up — Solve in your head.

'\ '

' for expr in ["2 + 2 + 2", "10 + 10", "4 + 4 + 4", "5 + 5 + 5 + 5"]: s1 += f'

{expr} = {b("3em")}

' s1 += '

' # 2: Read the multiplication sentence in words (reduced to 4) s2 = '

Read each multiplication sentence. Fill in the missing words or numbers.

'\ '

' s2 += f'

3 × 6 = 18

{b("3em")} groups of {b("3em")} make {b("5em")}

' s2 += f'

5 × 2 = 10

{b("3em")} groups of {b("3em")} make {b("5em")}

' s2 += f'

4 groups of 5 make 20

{b("3em")} × {b("3em")} = {b("5em")}

' s2 += f'

2 groups of 9 make 18

{b("3em")} × {b("3em")} = {b("5em")}

' s2 += '

' # 3: Word problems — write the multiplication sentence s3 = '

'\ '

Write a multiplication sentence for each story. Then solve.

'\ '

' problems = [ ("A spider has 8 legs. How many legs do 2 spiders have?", "legs"), ("Each bicycle has 2 wheels. How many wheels are on 5 bicycles?", "wheels"), ] for text, unit in problems: s3 += f'

{text}

'\ '

Multiplication sentence: ' + bw("9em") + '

'\ '

' + b("4em") + f' {unit}

' s3 += '

' # 4: Find the error — mixed-up equations s4 = '

'\ '

One friend made a mistake. Check each one: ✓ or ✗? Fix the wrong one.

'\ '

' s4 += '

Ava wrote: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 4 × 3

'\ '

✓ or ✗?

Explain: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

Leo wrote: 5 + 5 + 5 = 5 × 3... = 20

'\ '

✓ or ✗?

Explain and fix: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

' # 5: Create your own s5 = '

'\ '

Create Your Own — Pick your own numbers! Fill in the blanks, '\ 'draw the groups, and solve.

'\ '

My multiplication: ' + b("3em") + ' × ' + b("3em") + '

'\ '

As repeated addition: ' + bw("12em") + '

'\ '

My drawing:

'\ '

Answer: ' + b("3em") + '

'\ '

' return page(28, "Wednesday", "Reading & Writing Multiplication", f'''{sec(1, "Warm-up: Mental Adding", s1)} {sec(2, "Say It in Words: Groups Of", s2)} {sec(3, "Word Problems: Write the Sentence", s3)} {sec(4, "Find the Error", s4)} {sec(5, "Challenge: Create Your Own", s5)}''') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # THURSDAY — Multiplication Stories # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def thursday(): # 1: Fluency warmup — skip counting mix s1 = '

'\ '

2-min Fluency Warm-up — What comes next?

'\ '

' for seq in ["3, 6, 9, ___", "4, 8, 12, ___", "6, 12, 18, ___", "5, 10, 15, ___"]: s1 += f'

{seq.replace("___", b("3em"))}

' s1 += '

' # 2: Better word problems — real-world (reduced to 3) s2 = '

'\ '

Read carefully! Underline the important numbers. Think: how many groups? How many in each? Write the multiplication sentence and solve.

'\ '

' problems = [ ("A pack of juice boxes has 6 boxes. Mom buys 3 packs for the picnic. How many juice boxes did she buy?", "juice boxes"), ("There are 4 fish tanks at the pet store. Each tank has 5 fish. How many fish are there in all?", "fish"), ("Sam reads 10 pages every night. How many pages does he read in 3 nights?", "pages"), ] for text, unit in problems: s2 += f'

{text}

'\ '

Multiplication sentence: ' + bw("9em") + '

'\ '

' + b("4em") + f' {unit}

' s2 += '

' # 3: Two-step problem s3 = '

'\ '

Solve step by step. Write each answer as you go.

'\ + build_two_step_problems({ "problems": [ { "text": "Ella buys 3 packs of stickers. Each pack has 5 stickers. She gives 4 stickers to her brother. How many stickers does Ella have left?", "blanks": 2 } ], "note": "Step 1: multiply to find the total. Step 2: subtract." }) + '

' # 4: Number Talk — compare without calculating s4 = '

'\ '

Number Talk — Explain WITHOUT calculating.

'\ '

' s4 += '

A: 3 × 6

B: 4 × 6

'\ '

Which is bigger? How much bigger?

'\ '

My thinking: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

A: 2 × 10

B: 10 + 10

'\ '

Which is bigger, or are they the same?

'\ '

My thinking: ' + bw() + '

' s4 += '

' # 5: Create your own multiplication story s5 = '

'\ '

Create Your Own Word Problem

'\ '

Write a multiplication story about equal groups (packs, teams, legs, wheels, rows...). '\ 'Use the word "each." Then write the multiplication sentence and solve.

'\ '

Multiplication sentence: ' + bw("9em") + '

'\ '

Answer: ' + bl() + '

'\ '

' return page(28, "Thursday", "Multiplication Stories", f'''{sec(1, "Warm-up: What Comes Next?", s1)} {sec(2, "Word Problems: Groups in Real Life", s2)} {sec(3, "Two-Step Problem", s3)} {sec(4, "Number Talk: Compare", s4)} {sec(5, "Challenge: Create Your Own", s5)}''') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # FRIDAY — Review & Self-Check # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def friday(): # 1: Fluency warmup s1 = '

'\ '

2-min Fluency Warm-up — Solve in your head. Go fast!

'\ '

' for expr in ["3 + 3 + 3", "5 + 5 + 5", "2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2", "4 + 4"]: s1 += f'

{expr} = {b("3em")}

' s1 += '

' # 2: Estimate First! s2 = '

'\ '

Estimate First! Circle MORE or LESS than 15, then solve.

'\ '

' for g, n in [(4, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7), (2, 4)]: s2 += f'

{g} × {n}

'\ '

more than 15 / less than 15

'\ f'

Actual: {b("3em")}

' s2 += '

' # 3: Review — three representations (reduced to 4) s3 = '

Complete the table for each picture: addition sentence AND multiplication sentence.

'\ '

' for r, c in [(2, 5), (3, 3), (4, 3), (2, 7)]: s3 += f'

{array_svg(r, c)}'\ '

Addition: ' + bw("10em") + '

'\ f'

{b("3em")} × {b("3em")} = {b("5em")}

' s3 += '

' # 4: Word problem review (reduced to 2) s4 = '

'\ '

Write the multiplication sentence and solve.

'\ '

' problems = [ ("A dog has 4 legs. How many legs do 5 dogs have?", "legs"), ("Each flower has 5 petals. How many petals are on 4 flowers?", "petals"), ] for text, unit in problems: s4 += f'

{text}

'\ '

Multiplication sentence: ' + bw("9em") + '

'\ '

' + b("4em") + f' {unit}

' s4 += '

' # 5: Self-check with emoji reflection s5 = '

'\ '

Self-Check: How do you feel about multiplication?

'\ '

What the × Sign Means

'\ '

😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help

'\ '

Repeated Addition ↔ Multiplication

'\ '

😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help

'\ '

Multiplication Word Problems

'\ '

😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help

'\ '

One thing I learned this week: ' + bl() + '

'\ '

One thing I want to practice more: ' + bl() + '

'\ '

My favorite strategy (adding, skip counting, or drawing): ' + bl() + '

'\ '

' return page(28, "Friday", "Week 28 Review & Self-Check", f'''{sec(1, "Warm-up: Mental Adding", s1)} {sec(2, "Estimate First!", s2)} {sec(3, "Review: Picture, Addition, Multiplication", s3)} {sec(4, "Word Problems", s4)} {sec(5, "Self-Check & Reflection", s5)}''') # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # TEACHER GUIDE — Combined for all days # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ def teacher_guide(): return tg_page_multi( "Week 28", "Repeated Addition → Multiplication — Teacher Guide", # Monday tg_section_title("Monday: Meet the × Sign") + tg_sec(1, "Warm-up", ["8, 9, 10, 8"]) + tg_sec(2, "The × Sign", ["Guided examples: 3×4=12, 2×5=10 — emphasize 'groups of' language"]) + tg_sec(3, "Match", ["4×3=12, 2×6=12, 3×2=6, 3×5=15"]) + tg_sec(4, "Number Talk", ["Ben is wrong — 4×2 means 4 groups of 2 (2+2+2+2)", "5×2=10 is bigger than 5+2=7"]) + tg_sec(5, "Challenge", ["3+3+3+3=12; any drawing of 4 groups of 3 or 4×3 array"]) + tg_note("Page break"), # Tuesday tg_section_title("Tuesday: From Pictures to Multiplication") + tg_sec(1, "Warm-up 3s", ["Seq 1 blanks: 12, 21 | Seq 2 blanks: 9, 18, 24"]) + tg_sec(2, "Two Equations", ["3×4=12 (4+4+4); 2×6=12 (6+6); 4×2=8 (2+2+2+2); 3×5=15 (5+5+5)"]) + tg_sec(3, "Estimate First", ["3×5=15 less; 4×6=24 more; 2×7=14 less; 5×5=25 more"]) + tg_sec(4, "Back to Addition", ["6+6+6=18; 4+4+4+4=16; 8+8=16; 3+3+3+3+3=15"]) + tg_sec(5, "Two Ways", ["20 both ways; skip count 5, 10, 15, 20"]) + tg_note("Page break"), # Wednesday tg_section_title("Wednesday: Reading & Writing Multiplication") + tg_sec(1, "Warm-up", ["6, 20, 12, 20"]) + tg_sec(2, "Say It in Words", ["3 groups of 6 make 18; 5 groups of 2 make 10; 4×5=20; 2×9=18"]) + tg_sec(3, "Word Problems", ["2×8=16 legs; 5×2=10 wheels"]) + tg_sec(4, "Find Error", ["Ava ✓ (4 threes)", "Leo ✗ — should be 3×5 and equals 15, not 20"]) + tg_sec(5, "Create Own", ["Accept any correct student multiplication with drawing"]) + tg_note("Page break"), # Thursday tg_section_title("Thursday: Multiplication Stories") + tg_sec(1, "Warm-up", ["12, 16, 24, 20"]) + tg_sec(2, "Word Problems", ["3×6=18 juice boxes; 4×5=20 fish; 3×10=30 pages"]) + tg_sec(3, "Two-Step", ["Step 1: 3×5=15 stickers. Step 2: 15−4=11 stickers"]) + tg_sec(4, "Number Talk", ["4×6 is bigger by one group of 6", "Same — 2×10 means 10+10=20"]) + tg_sec(5, "Create Own", ["Accept student stories with 'each' and correct sentence"]) + tg_note("Page break"), # Friday tg_section_title("Friday: Review & Self-Check") + tg_sec(1, "Warm-up", ["9, 15, 10, 8"]) + tg_sec(2, "Estimate First", ["4×5=20 more; 2×6=12 less; 3×7=21 more; 2×4=8 less"]) + tg_sec(3, "Review", ["2×5=10 (5+5); 3×3=9 (3+3+3); 4×3=12 (3+3+3+3); 2×7=14 (7+7)"]) + tg_sec(4, "Word Problems", ["5×4=20 legs; 4×5=20 petals"]) + tg_sec(5, "Self-Check", ["Accept student self-assessment and reflection"]) ) # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ # GENERATE # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ if __name__ == "__main__": os.makedirs(WEEK, exist_ok=True) for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(WEEK, "*.pdf")): os.remove(f) for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(WEEK, "*.html")): os.remove(f) days = [ (monday, "Monday", "Meet the × Sign"), (tuesday, "Tuesday", "From Pictures to Multiplication"), (wednesday, "Wednesday", "Reading & Writing Multiplication"), (thursday, "Thursday", "Multiplication Stories"), (friday, "Friday", "Week 28 Review & Self-Check"), ] for lesson_func, day, title in days: html = lesson_func() fname = f"Week_28_{day}" path = os.path.join(WEEK, f"{fname}.html") with open(path, "w") as f: f.write(html) pdf_path = os.path.join(WEEK, f"{fname}.pdf") HTML(filename=path).write_pdf(pdf_path) print(f"Generated: {pdf_path}") html = teacher_guide() path = os.path.join(WEEK, "Week_28_Teacher_Guide.html") with open(path, "w") as f: f.write(html) pdf_path = os.path.join(WEEK, "Week_28_Teacher_Guide.pdf") HTML(filename=path).write_pdf(pdf_path) print(f"Generated: {pdf_path}") print("\nWeek 28 (Repeated Addition → Multiplication) complete!")