#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Week 15: Length: Inches & Centimeters
Phase 3: Measurement, Time & Money
Curriculum: Using rulers; estimating; comparing lengths; ruler graphics
Standards: 2.MD.A.1 (measure with tools), 2.MD.A.2 (two units),
2.MD.A.3 (estimate lengths), 2.MD.A.4 (compare lengths)
New Standard (7 principles):
1. Reduced drill (3-5 problems per section, "reduced from" noted)
2. Estimation before measuring (Mon, Tue, Fri)
3. Multiple strategies / two units for the same object (Wed)
4. Better word problems — reasoning over keywords (Thu, Fri)
5. Create Your Own open-ended challenge (Thu)
6. Number Talks — explain WITHOUT measuring (Wed)
7. Friday self-check with emoji + "One thing I learned"
Ruler scale: 1 inch = 48px, 1 cm = 24px (whole-unit multiples only).
"""
import os
import glob
from weasyprint import HTML
from math_helpers import (
CSS, TEACHER_CSS,
page, page_multi, hdr, sec, b, bw, bl,
tg_page_multi, tg_sec, tg_note, tg_section_title,
ruler_inches, ruler_cm, measure_line, measure_line_cm,
)
from activity_builders import (
build_ruler_measurement,
build_challenge_box,
)
BASE = os.path.expanduser("~/Home_School/2nd_Grade/Math")
WEEK = os.path.join(BASE, "Week_15")
IN = 48 # px per inch
CM = 24 # px per cm
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MONDAY — Measuring in Inches
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════
def monday():
# 1: Warm-up — what do we measure with?
s1 = ''\
'
Warm-up — Circle the best tool to measure each thing: ruler or measuring tape?
'\
'
'
for item in ["the length of your pencil", "how tall the door is", "the side of a book", "around your waist"]:
s1 += f'
{item}
ruler / measuring tape
'
s1 += '
'\
'
How to measure: Line up one end of the object with the 0 end of the ruler. '\
'Read the number where the object ends.
'\
+ ruler_inches(6) + \
'
This ruler shows 6 inches. Each big mark is 1 inch.
'\
'
'\
'
Estimate First! BEFORE measuring, write your guess. Then use the ruler to measure.
'
for px, name in [(3*IN, "Line A"), (5*IN, "Line B"), (2*IN, "Line C")]:
s3 += f'
{name}
'\
f'
'\
f'
My estimate: {b("3em")} inches Measured: {b("3em")} inches
'
s3 += '
' + ruler_inches(6) + '
Read carefully. Think about what is happening.
'\
'
Ben measured his crayon. It was 4 inches long. His marker was 6 inches long. '\
'How many inches longer is the marker than the crayon?
'\
'
Draw or write your thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
' + b("4em") + ' inches longer
'\
'
2-min Warm-up — Measure each line in inches.
'\
+ ruler_inches(6) + '
'
for px, name in [(2*IN, "Line A"), (5*IN, "Line B")]:
s1 += f'
'\
f'
{name}'\
f'
'\
f'
{b("3em")} inches'
s1 += '
'\
'
Centimeters are another unit for measuring length. '\
'A centimeter is smaller than an inch — about the width of your pinky finger!
'\
+ ruler_cm(15) + \
'
This ruler shows 15 centimeters (cm). Each numbered mark is 1 cm.
'\
'
'\
'
Estimate First! Guess in cm, then measure with the ruler.
'
for px, name in [(8*CM, "Line A"), (12*CM, "Line B"), (5*CM, "Line C")]:
s3 += f'
{name}
'\
f'
'\
f'
My estimate: {b("3em")} cm Measured: {b("3em")} cm
'
s3 += '
' + ruler_cm(15) + '
Read carefully. Think about what is happening.
'\
'
Mia\'s eraser is 5 cm long. Her glue stick is 9 cm long. '\
'If she lays them end to end in a straight line, how long is the line?
'\
'
Draw or write your thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
' + b("4em") + ' cm
'\
'
2-min Warm-up — Circle the correct answer.
'\
'
'\
'
Which is LONGER?
1 inch / 1 centimeter
'\
'
Measuring the same pencil, which number will be BIGGER?
inches / centimeters
'\
'
'\
'
Measure the SAME line two different ways: first in inches, then in centimeters.
'
for px, name in [(2*IN, "Line A (2 in ≈ 5 cm)"), (4*IN, "Line B (4 in ≈ 10 cm)")]:
label = name.split(" (")[0]
s2 += f'
{label}
'\
f'
'\
f'
In inches: {b("3em")} in In centimeters: about {b("3em")} cm
'
s2 += ruler_inches(6) + '
' + ruler_cm(15) + \
'
Hint: 1 inch is about 2 and a half centimeters.
'\
'
Number Talk — Answer WITHOUT measuring. Explain your thinking.
'\
'
'\
'
You measure a book in inches, then in centimeters. '\
'Which measurement gives a BIGGER number? Why?
'\
'
My thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
Sam says his desk is "3 long." What is wrong with his answer?
'\
'
My thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
Circle the better unit for measuring each object.
'\
''
for item in ["an ant", "your bed", "a paper clip", "the classroom door"]:
s4 += f'
{item}
centimeters / inches (small) or feet/meters (big)
'
s4 += '
'\
'
Estimate! Write your best guess. Then find the real object and measure it if you can.
'\
'
'
for item, unit in [("your pencil", "inches"), ("your hand span", "cm"), ("a spoon", "inches"), ("your shoe", "cm")]:
s5 += f'
{item}
Estimate: {b("3em")} {unit} Measured: {b("3em")} {unit}
'
s5 += '
'\
'
2-min Warm-up — Measure each line in cm.
' + ruler_cm(15) + '
'
for px, name in [(6*CM, "Line A"), (11*CM, "Line B")]:
s1 += f'
'\
f'
{name}'\
f'
'\
f'
{b("3em")} cm'
s1 += '
Measure both lines in cm. Then find how much LONGER the long one is.
'
for (px1, px2, n) in [(9*CM, 4*CM, "1"), (13*CM, 6*CM, "2"), (10*CM, 7*CM, "3")]:
s2 += f'Pair {n}
'\
f'
'\
f'
'\
f'
Top: {b("3em")} cm Bottom: {b("3em")} cm '\
f'The top line is {b("3em")} cm longer.
Read carefully. Think about what is happening. Draw if it helps!
'\
'
'
problems = [
("A red ribbon is 14 inches long. A blue ribbon is 8 inches long. How much longer is the red ribbon?", "inches"),
("Jake's paper chain is 25 cm long. He adds another 15 cm of chain. How long is his paper chain now?", "cm"),
]
for text, unit in problems:
s3 += f'
{text}
'\
'
Draw or write your thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
' + b("4em") + f' {unit}
'
s3 += '
'\
'
Measure each line in inches. Then write the letters in order from SHORTEST to LONGEST.
'
for px, name in [(5*IN, "A"), (2*IN, "B"), (4*IN, "C")]:
s4 += f'
'\
f'
{name}'\
f'
'\
f'
{b("3em")} inches'
s4 += ruler_inches(6) + \
'
Shortest to longest: ' + b("2em") + ', ' + b("2em") + ', ' + b("2em") + '
'\
'
Create Your Own
'\
'
Draw two lines below: one that is about 3 inches long and one that is about 5 inches long. '\
'Then measure them with a real ruler to check. Write a comparing question about your lines for a family member to solve!
'\
'
'\
'
My question: ' + bl() + '
'\
'
'\
'
2-min Warm-up — Fill in the blanks.
'\
'
'\
'
1 inch is ' + b("6em") + ' than 1 cm. (longer / shorter)
'\
'
A good unit for measuring an ant: ' + b("4em") + '
'\
'
'\
'
Estimate First! Guess, then measure each line.
'
for px, name, unit in [(4*IN, "Line A", "inches"), (9*CM, "Line B", "cm")]:
s2 += f'
{name} (measure in {unit})
'\
f'
'\
f'
Estimate: {b("3em")} {unit} Measured: {b("3em")} {unit}
'
s2 += ruler_inches(6) + '
' + ruler_cm(15) + '
Measure each line with the correct ruler above.
'\
''
for px, unit, n in [(3*IN, "inches", "1"), (12*CM, "cm", "2"), (5*IN, "inches", "3"), (8*CM, "cm", "4")]:
s3 += f'
{n}. (in {unit})
'\
f'
'\
f'
{b("3em")} {unit}
'
s3 += '
Read carefully. Show your thinking.
'\
'
'
problems = [
("A caterpillar is 6 cm long. It crawls onto a leaf that is 15 cm long. How much longer is the leaf than the caterpillar?", "cm"),
("Dad's shoe is 12 inches long. Emma's shoe is 7 inches long. If they put them heel to toe, how long are both shoes together?", "inches"),
]
for text, unit in problems:
s4 += f'
{text}
'\
'
Draw or write your thinking: ' + bw() + '
'\
'
' + b("4em") + f' {unit}
'
s4 += '
'\
'
Self-Check: How do you feel about measuring length?
'\
'
'\
'
'\
'
Measuring in Inches
'\
'
😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help
'\
'
'\
'
'\
'
Measuring in Centimeters
'\
'
😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help
'\
'
'\
'
'\
'
Comparing Lengths
'\
'
😊 I got it! | 😐 Getting there | 😟 Need help
'\
'
'\
'
'\
'
One thing I learned this week: ' + bl() + '
'\
'
One thing I want to practice more: ' + bl() + '
'\
'
Something at home I want to measure: ' + bl() + '
'\
'